Some provisions on evidence in civil procedures putted into effect in 2002 define actually , the scope and condition of evidence investigated and collected by court . it defines the time of putting forward proof and the exchange of proof . the rule complete pretrial phase 2002年起实施的《民事诉讼证据若干规定》中明确了被告的答辩义务和人民法院调查收集证据的范围和条件,规范了举证时限及证据交换问题,进一步完善了审理前的准备程序。
Judicial identification refers to a kind of acts of checking evidence , during the course of action ， in which an identifier with expertise appointed or invitated by judicial organs after the application of the parties or without the application , with scientific technological methods complying with the provisions of the criminal procedure law , draws a judgment conclusion . [ 1 ] judicial identification serves the acts of investigation , procuratoration , justice and execution and serve their acts of collecting , examing and checking evidence , which is a link in judicial acts 司法鉴定是在诉讼过程中，对于案件中的某些专门性问题，按诉讼法的规定，经当事人申请，司法机关决定，或司法机关主动决定，指派、聘请具有专门知识的鉴定人，运用科学技术手段，对专门性问题作出判断结论的一种核实证据的活动[ 1 ] 。司法鉴定是为侦查、检察、审判、执行活动服务的，为其收集证据、审查核实证据，是司法活动中的一个环节或链条。
In the second part , the article studies the system of civil evidence collection of america , england , germany and japan , france , soviet and russia by comparative way . at last , the article points out the aspect that may benefit us . for example , district the applicable range between the verhandlungsmaxime and undersuchungsmaxime explicitly ; give the parties strong measures to collect evidence and pay attention to protect the secret privilege of the opposites , and so on 论文的第二部分则对美国、英国、德国和日本、法国以及前苏联和俄罗斯的民事证据收集制度进行了比较研究，最后指出了其对我国具有较大借鉴意义的部分，如在民事诉讼中一般都采用辩论原则；在大陆法系还明确划分了辩论原则与职权探知原则的适用范围；赋予当事人强有力的收集证据的方法与手段；同时注意相对方秘密特权的保护等。
The supreme court has given the latest judicial interpretation of the investigation of the court and the collecting of tile proofs ; and has established two ways of applying for investigation in accordance with the authority and with the litigant or agent of the lawsuit and their own applicable conditions . but while it ' s playing an active role in practice , it also shows signs of defects and problems of understanding and application in practice . in order to give full play to the investigation legislation and its judicial interpretation and to preserve the unity and the fairness of the law , it is necessary to entrust the legality to the interpretation , to improve the related rules and cancel the investigation rules made by local authority 最高院司法解释对法院调查、收集证据作出了最新规范，确立了依职权和依当事人、诉讼代理人申请调查两种情形，并各有适用条件，它在发挥积极实践作用的同时，也存在着合法性困境，以及其他适用中的理解、运用问题，为使法院调查行为立法及司法解释目的发挥最大作用，应及时以立法形式赋予该司法解释合法性，同时完善相关应规范，取消各地自行制订的诸如调查令制度在内的不统一的证据调查规则，维护法制的统一性及公正性。
This part , from the angle of promoting parties " procedural dominant position , putting the social benefit into full play , parties " fulfilling the burden of proof and reconstructing our pretrial procedure , expounds on the necessity of perfecting the procedural safeguards of our parties " rights for collecting evidence 本部分从提升当事人程序主体地位、充分发挥司法的社会效益、当事人履行举证责任、重构我国审前准备程序的角度阐述了建构我国当事人收集证据权利程序保障的必要性。
Procedure of investigation refers to the activities of the investigative organization , the suspect , the advocate ' s collecting evidence and tracking down criminals with the judge ' s intervention and control in order to ascertain whether there exists the criminal facts and the degree of criminal responsibility 侦查程序是指侦查机关与犯罪嫌疑人、辩护人等在法官的介入和控制下，为了查明犯罪事实的有无和刑事责任的轻重而进行的收集证据，查获犯罪人等活动的总称。
This part makes an analysis of the legislation of evidence collecting system , questions the enactment of parties " applying for the court to investigate and collect evidence for objective causes and then dissects the state when parties will find it hard to collect adequate evidence for lack of procedural safeguards of collecting evidence and its consequent on abuses in the judicial practice 本部分对建国以来我国证据收集制度的立法状况作了评析，重点质疑了当事人因“客观原因”申请法院调查收集证据的规定，剖析了当事人因缺乏收集证据权利程序保障难以收集到充分的证据材料的状况及由此在司法实践中所生成的诸多弊端。
Starting with the analysis of the legislative stipulations of china ' s evidence - collecting system and its operation , combining the investigation of overseas means and procedural safeguards of parties " collecting evidence , this paper firstly discusses the necessity of the procedural safeguards of our parties " collecting evidence , secondly discusses the litigating value of the procedural safeguards of collecting evidence and lastly makes a tentative study of perfecting the procedural safeguards of collecting evidence 本文拟从剖析我国证据收集制度的立法规定及运作状况入手，结合对国外民事诉讼当事人所获收集证据的手段与程序保障的一般考察，在论证赋予我国当事人收集证据权利程序保障必要性的基础上，再对当事人收集证据权利程序保障的诉讼价值进行讨论，最后，对建构我国当事人收集证据权利的程序保障进行初步探讨。
