We noticed that , for twenty years in reformation , soes are generally ineffective compared to the other types of enterprises . now there are much difference between soes and the other types of enterprises and among soes . the difference had been explained in power - transfer reformation theory of meyer , which just is the context of this dissertation 我们注意到,改革开放20多年,虽然出现了企业能力很强的国有企业,但总体来说,国有企业和其他类型企业相比表现出了普遍的低效率,到现在国有企业与其他类型的企业之间,以及各个国有企业之间在企业业绩和整体面貌上形成了很大的差异, meyer等学者用放权式企业改革理论对这种差异性的产生做出合理解释,从而为本研究提供了整体研究背景。
For reasons , howevet , it is unsuccessful . started form its " history currelltcondition , the pape studies the main problems of the stae - owned enterprises andits reasons , and considers deeply the reform of chinese state - owned enterpses inthe near futuf . this paper includes three parts . the flrst pat introduces simply the five stages of the reform of the state - ownedenterprises 第一部分简要回顾了国有企业改革的五个历史阶段：即“放权让利”阶段，承包制为主体的多种经营方式改革阶段，以转换企业经营机制为主要内容的改革阶段，建立现代企业制度的改革阶段和“三年脱困”阶段。
Good results have been attained in reforms in chinese traditional monopoly industry of railway since china ' s reform and opening up . on the one hand , a gradual separation of the functions of administration from those of management is being carried out through the following steps : decentralization , all - round contract , production operation responsibility system and property operation responsibility system 改革开放以来，我国铁路采取了一系列改革措施，一方面：从放权让利到实行“大包干” ，再到生产经营责任制，最终到实行资产经营责任制以求实现政企分开；另一方面，通过精简机构，减员增效，调整路局结构及结构性分离等措施，以求提高铁路行业整体竞争力。
It is very important to modify the capital structure of state - owned enterprises in order to reconstruct the micro - base of marketing economy . as the deepening of reform of state - owned enterprise , the managers got more and more power on controlling the enterprises . the corporate governance can be described as " controlled by insiders under interference of government " during the transferring period ( jinglian wu , 1997 ) 国有企业在改革转制的过程中经历了一系列的放权让利过程，企业经营者获得了越来越多的对企业实际控制权，而企业的所有者对企业仍存在较大的影响力，这一时期国有企业治理结构的基本特征可描述为“政府行政干预下的内部人控制” (吴敬琏， 1997 ) 。
Part ii looks at the evolving process of china ' s foreign trade regime : period of uniform administration , transitional period of decentralized authority , period of responsibility of contracted management , transforming period of business operation mechanism , and new progress in the reform of foreign trade regime in recent years 文章第二部分介绍了中国外贸体制的演变历程：统一管理时期、放权过渡时期、外贸承包经营责任制、外贸企业经营机制转变时期以及近年来中国外贸体制改革的新进展。
The theory of reform has been keeping developing and perfecting after the reform of state - owned enterprises started at 1979 . but in the following ten years , the development of this theory has n ' t overstepped the traditional franiet which favours allowing enterprises to have more autonomy and profit retention and separating the government from controlling the funds . the state - owned enterprises are still short of energy 1979年揭开了国有企业改革的序幕，此后改革的理论就一直处于不断地发展和完善之中，但随后的十几年，理论的发展始终没有超脱出传统的“放权让利” 、 “政企分开”的框架，国有企业仍然是事实上的没有搞活。
As for china , our financial system reform is actually a process that state delegates power to microeconomic subjects such as financial organization and non - financial organization . and the power change of microeconomic subjects provides them power basis to react to monetary policy , with result of specific characteristics of china ' s indirect monetary transmission which uses monetary market as intermediary 中国的金融体制改革实质上是政府对构成微观经济环境的金融机构及非金融机构的放权让利过程，微观经济主体的权能演变为其对货币政策的反馈提供了权力基础，也由此决定了中国以货币市场为媒介的间接调控货币政策传导的特殊性。
First . a brief analysis of the characters of the making - up of the labor and capital - owner and their adjusting difficulty is made . second , according to the historical processes of the harmony between the labor and capital - owner , a detailed analysis of the causes of formation and its disadvantages of some actions and systems , such as right , profits , contract system , stock system , annual - pay system , futures system , taken to harmonize the relationship between the labor and capital - owner is made with the practical operation of the property of the artificial person as its breakthrough to adjust and harmonize the relationship between the management and workers 把研究重心缩小到公有企业，首先对公有企业劳、资关系的构成特点及协调难点进行了简要分析，然后结合我国公有企业劳、资关系协调的历史进程，分别对放权让利、承包制、股份制、年薪制、股票期权制等几种改革形式协调公有企业劳、资关系的缺陷及成因进行了剖析，在此基础上提出把企业法人财产权的具体操作作为协调公有企业劳资关系的突破口。
Then on the basis of a series of analysis with actual cases , some assume are put forward as follows . this part is mainly about involving process of state - owned corporation incentive mechanism , existed problems and their performance in real life . disclosing the nature that state - owned enterprise hope to carry out system transform and property rights adjustment by means of incentive mechanism 论文回顾了国有公司激励机制演变的进程，即计划经济下的国有企业激励模式、放权让利过程中的国有企业激励模式、承包制中的国有企业激励模式以及市场经济中的国有企业激励模式，并分析了演变中的国有公司激励机制的特点，提出现行激励机制的演进实际上是兼企业改制与激励为一体，国有企业希望借助实行激励机制来完成改制和产权结构的调整这样一个国有公司激励机制演进的实质。
