On the other hand , countries of common law system don ’ t have civil retrial procedure , but there are also some procedures similar to retrial procedure . chapter three : existing system and problems 英美法系国家虽然不存在像大陆法系国家一样的再审之诉,但是其对生效裁判的救济方法也集中体现了以当事人为中心的救济模式。
Part three : applying the basic theory , discuss the three methods of remedy for those obligee of bills , who forfeit the bills , stipulated in china ' s laws governing bills , their application and the corresponding principles of laws 第三部分：运用基础理论探讨我国票据法所规定的对票据权利人丧失票据的三种救济方法的具体适用及相应的法律原理。
Nevertheless , there are still some primary obstacles to the adequacy of remedies : ( 1 ) the disintegrated statute ; ( 2 ) the rigescence of the remedies ; ( 3 ) the limitation of the judicial resources to courts ; ( 4 ) the imperfect procedure system 然而，就发挥司法救济的充分性而言，法院仍面临着以下主要障碍： (一)不完整的制定法； (二)救济方法的僵化； (三)法院获取司法资源的局限； (四)不完善的程序制度。
The testing factors of the adequacy are as follow : ( 1 ) the reasonable designation of the remedial purposes ; ( 2 ) the diversification and flexibility of remedial means ; ( 3 ) the accordance with the substantive requirements of the ordinary rules ; ( 4 ) the effectual reaction to the social demand 救济的充分性评价标准包括： (一)救济目的的合理设定； (二)救济方法的多样与灵活； (三)救济结果符合一般规范的实质要求； (四)对社会需求的有效反应。
It is about the payment request which is requested by the bank that discounts the forged bank accepted bill . depending on the theory of the relationship between the major negotiable instruments activity and the minor negotiable instruments activity , this dissertation believes that although the major negotiable instruments activity , drawing activity , is invalid , the validity of the minor negotiable instruments activity remains . so the discount bank , longquanyi branch , gets the bill right through discount 本文从票据的主行为与从行为的关系角度分析票据伪造的效果;将票据涂销与票据更改进行比较,建议将故意的有效涂销纳入票据更改中去以适应票据实务需要;结合司法解释,对我国的票据空白背书实务进行新的阐述;用与其他票据丧失救济方法相比较的方式,对挂失止付进行了程序、效力的分析。
At last , the thesis introduce the status quo of legislation of mistake in our country . at the same time , it put forward some proposals to perfect the legislation of mistake in our country , for example replacing “ the great misunderstanding ” as “ the mistake of intention expressed ” , perfecting the rule of revocation and establishing and perfecting the remedial way of being modified etc 最后介绍了我国错误制度立法的现状,同时提出了诸如以“错误”代替“重大误解”的用语、完善撤销权的立法规定以及继续确立并完善“可变更”的错误制度救济方法等完善我国错误制度的建议。
For example , there is no requirement for sequential order of performance in the institution of anticipatory breach of contract . it is applicable to both cases of renunciation and impossibility of performance . and there is the right of cancellation given to the party of right to plea of unease traditionally 如：预期违约制度不要求有履行先后顺序，适用于拒绝履行和履行不能两种情况，而且在救济方法上赋予守约方解除合同的权利；而不安抗辩权制度则要求有履行先后顺序，仅适用于履行不能的情况，且传统上没有赋予不安抗辩权人合同解除权。
The author , by analyzing the behavior of responsibility for breaking a contract , the shape of responsibility for breaking a contract , the principle of returning to the present of responsibility for breaking a contract and the relief method for breaking a contract , tries to provide certain reference for how to sign the contract texts in practice , how to fulfill the contract correctly and how to process the contract dispute 作者通过分析违约责任行为、违约责任的形态、违约责任的归责原则及违约救济方法分析，力求为我们在实际工作中如何签订好合文本、如何正确履行合同以及发生合同纠纷如何处理提供一定的参考。
