Ptru / c , ptruwo _ 3 / c and ptrumoo _ 3 / c are prepared by chemical reduction of the appropriate salt solutions , and structural characterizations are carried out with x - ray diffraction . the result indicates pt and ru form alloy and the transition metal oxides are existed in amorphous form 通过化学还原法合成了ptru / c , ptruwo _ 3 / c和ptrumoo _ 3 / c三种碳载合金催化剂,并进行xrd及tem测试,发现铂钌组成了合金相,而过渡金属则是以无定型的结构存在的。
The theory of the hydrogen uptake on carbon nanotubes has been discussed . secondly , for the purpose of improving the activities of the carbon nanotubes " surface , mwnts were treated by oxygenation in the air and surface treatment . thirdly , mwnts were modified by mechanical grinding 对多壁碳纳米管氧化提纯及表面处理的研究表明：空气中焙烧多壁碳纳米管可除去无定型碳等杂质，碳管的纯度大为提高； naoh是良好的分散剂，可改善碳管的表面活性。
With the appearance of various kinds of new functions and display devices , the post - process chip has become the most valuable one in digital tv . it is very important to design and manufact this chip with our own independent intelligence property both for marketing and financial reasons 其中，数字视频后处理芯片由于数字电视出现后，各种新业务的不断加入以及各类新颖显示终端的出现，目前尚无定型产品，是当前最有市场开发价值的数字电视核心芯片之一。
The xrd showed that the crystalline of samples prepared in various o _ ( 2 ) partial pressure and various sputtering power was amorphous , the anatase crystalline formed when heat treatment temperature was above 450 , and heat treatment temperature was higher , the crystalline was better . sem showed that the crystal grams formed on the surface of films when the o _ ( 2 ) partial pressure was high ; the obvious and big grains appeared hi the surface with improvement of heat treatment temperature Xrd分析表明，不同氧气分压下制备的样品基本是无定型结构，不同溅射功率下制备的样品基本也是无定型结构，当热处理温度高于450时，试样出现了晶面趋向为( 101 )的锐钛矿相，随着热处理温度的升高，结晶程度增大； sem分析表明：随着氧气分压的升高，试样表面出现微小结晶颗粒；随着热处理温度的升高，试样表面出现了相当明显的结晶颗粒，试样的比表面积增大。
The difference of reactive mechanisminduced the difference of their structure . v _ 2o _ 5 product prepared by melting - cooling showed more notable undefined structure . after heat - treating under300 , particle size becomes smaller , and aggregate to globate grain , showesbetter electrochemical performance at low charge - discharge rate 熔融淬冷法合成的样品其无定型结构更明显，前驱体经过300热处理后，材料的粒径变细，团聚成球状的颗粒，球状特征更显著，在低倍率下具有较好的电化学性能。
The one deposited at 300 substrate temperature owns denser crystallites . during the annealing process , with the increasing of annealing temperature , the crystallites become bigger , and crystalline phase begins to transfer . when the annealing temperature gets to 800 , tio2 transfers to rutile structure completely ( 2 )常温下制备的tio _ 2薄膜是无定型的， 300溅射薄膜表面有致密的晶粒，热处理温度升高，晶粒变大，晶相开始转化， 800退火tio _ 2完全转化为金红石结构。
Corresponding soluble salts have been chosen as raw materials and ammonia as precipitator . the optimum ph value is 8 . 5 - 10 and higher concentration is helpful for crystal growth . the perovskite phase plzst can be synthesized at 750 by solid state reaction 合适的工艺条件为：选择以各离子的可溶性盐为原料，以氨水为沉淀剂，通过共沉淀得到白色无定型前驱体，最佳的ph值范围为8 . 5 10 ，溶液的浓度越高越有利于固相反应合成中晶体的形成，适当的沉淀后处理过程如水洗、干磨能促进plzst晶体的生成。
The process parameters of preparing nanosized titanium dioxide powders were systematically studied by electrochemical synthesis experiments at room temperature . the rutile phase and anatase phase powders were obtained in the sizes of 9 . 7nm and 9 . 2nm respectively , and the complete crystal powders were formed after calcined at 400 for two hours . in the process of experiments it was observed that the low current density resulted in rutile phase powders , while the addition of little amount of ions of sulfate promoted the formation of anatase phase powders 在本实验条件下，小的电流密度有利于金红石相的生成，而少量硫酸根离子的引入对生成锐钛矿相粉体有利，调整电流密度大小和引入硫酸根离子的量，可以得金红石型和锐钛矿型的混合混体；研究无定型粉体，锐钛矿相粉体以及金红石型粉体随温度的粒径变化情况时发现，粉体在400以前晶粒长大相对缓慢， 400以后晶粒粗化现象严重。
It was revealed that the hexagonal order was destroyed and the phase transition from hexagonal to amorphous structure with the increment of manganese ion , and with the appropriate neutral hexadecylamine ( hda ) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( ctab ) as mixed template , mn - mcm - 41 was synthesized with well uniformly pore size and hexagonal mesostructure for the additional function of n - metal covalent bond , and the ordered structure was mediated by the influence on the packing parameter 表明随着mn ~ ( 2 + )引入量的增加，导致介孔长程有序结构的破坏，最终引起由六方相向无定型相的转变。适量中性表面活性剂十六胺的引入以形成混合模板剂，通过在原有静电作用基础上增加n -金属键作用，合成结构较为完整的锰掺杂mcm - 41材料。
When the two reactants were simply mixed by crush , they reacted violently and produced carbon spheres with a diameter of 50 - l00nm and sodium chloride ( nacl ) was encapsulated within the outer amorphous carbon shells , which could be confirmed by sem and tem . by annealing at 1400 ? to drive the encapsulated nacl away , hollow carbon spheres were left with a novel mesoporous structure , as presented in hrtem 实验中将两种反应物通过直接挤压混合后加热反应，得到的无定型球状碳材料经tem照片证实直径为50 - 100纳米，而且中间包裹氯化钠( nacl )颗粒； xrd等结果显示，高温退火并彻底清除nacl后形成的中空碳球已经部分石墨化。
