Structure validity of the questionnaire . the items were filtrated according to three evaluation criteria . three sub - scales manifested individual personality scale 5 . 8 sd 0 . 4895 power and norm 5 . 1 sd 0 . 6223 interrelationship 4 . 7 sd 0 . 6189 . it showed that managers influence upon their subordinates mainly depended on their individual charm and personality and their effort to establish an informal authority , which was indeed an effective and recommendable way in enhancing one s influence in an organization . the managers could be divided into two groups , who showed significant variations on the three sub - scale variables of power , relationship and personality . concerning these three variables , groups of high and low scores obviously differ from one another . the low - score group probably remained on a relatively lower level with regard to their way of influencing their subordinates . improvement through some training was therefore needed . this study offered an effective tool for the training of managers individual influences 3个分量表表现出个人风格5 . 8 sd 0 . 4895权力规范5 . 1 sd 0 . 6223相互关系4 . 7 sd 0 . 6189 ，说明管理人员影响下属主要依赖自身魅力，注重建立非正式的权威，这也的确是最有效和值得倡导的方式。管理人员中存在两类被试在权力关系人格3个变量上的均值差异都达到了显著性水平，它表明在这3个变量上明显存在高分组与低分组。低分组被试在对下属的影响方式上，有可能还处于一个较低的水平，有必要通过培训对他们加以提高。
In building fuzzy decision tree , each expanded attribute ca n ' t classify the class label clearly like decision tree , but the cases covered with the attribute - values have some overlap . so the entire process of building trees is based on a significant level a , the import of a can reduce such overlap in some degree , decrease the uncertainty of classification and improve classification result 在模糊决策树的产生过程中，用模糊熵选择的扩展属性不能像经典决策树那样将类清晰的分开，而是属性术语所覆盖的例子之间有一定的重叠，因此树的整个产生过程在给定的显著性水平的基础上进行，参数的引入能在一定程度上减少这种重叠，从而减少分类的不确定性，提高模糊决策树的分类结果。
Effects on problem behaviors in sociality , characteristics , study and moral characters are significant , but not are effects on problem behaviors in emotions . ( 2 ) there are different intervention effects between male and female students in the experimental classes . problem behaviors in general are improved significantly . the effects are significant on problem behaviors in sociality and moral characters , but not in emotions 但它对初中生常见的五种类型问题行为具有不同的干预效应：对交往问题行为和性格问题行为的改善效果最显著，对学习问题行为和品德问题行为的改善较为显著，但对情绪问题行为的改善未达到显著性水平；实验班不同性别学生具有不同的干预效应。
7 . generally speaking , in respect of gender , female undergraduates get more scores in terms of success inward attribution than male undergraduates , the difference is signifi - cant . but male undergraduates get more scores in terms of success outward attribution than female undergraduates , the difference is not significant . in terms of failure , female under - graduates get more scores in respect of inward attribution than male undergraduates , male undergraduates get more scores in terms of outward attribution than female undergraduates , the differences are not significant 7 、在总体性别归因的成功方面，女大学生在内部因素上的得分显著高于男大学生，并达到了显著性的水平，而男大学生在外部因素上的得分则高于女大学生，但没有达到显著性水平；在失败方面，女大学生在内部因素上的得分高于男大学生，男大学生在外部因素上的得分高于女大学生，但都未达到显著性。
Third , the results indicated that global social support is negatively related to both work - to - family conflict and family - to - work conflict . objective support is negatively related to family - to - work conflict . coefficient of correlation between subjective support and work - to - family conflict was n ' t significant , and so are both subjective support and family - to - work conflict 第三、总的社会支持与工作家庭冲突和家庭工作冲突之间均呈显著负相关；客观支持与家庭工作冲突之间达到显著的负相关；主观支持与两者的相关则均未达到显著性水平；对支持的利用度与工作家庭冲突的负相关达到极显著水平。
