Abstract ： the progress in studies on induction of male sterili ty and restorer line in plant by gene engineering was reviewed . the prospects on application of this method in heteriosis utilization were discussed 摘要本文对利用基因工程创造植物雄性不育系和恢复系的研究进展进行了综述，并对其在杂种优势利用中的应用前景进行了展望。
Using molecular markers to research hererosis in crops , for example , plotting out heterotic population , constructing heterotic mode , predicting heterosis , and studing the genetic basis of heterosis , were reviewed in detail 综述了分子标记在作物杂种优势群划分和杂种优势利用模式构建、杂种优势预测以及杂种优势遗传基础研究中的利用现状。
Effects of opposite character on heterosis of yield characters and heredity of combining ability were studied by using inbred lines and hybrid combinations of opposite and altefive , which were bred through opposite gene transfer in maize 摘要本文利用对生基因转育获得的对生与互生自交系及其杂交组合，研究了对生性状对产量性状杂种优势和配合力的遗传效应的影响。
Cloning the specific genes expressed during anther development is immensely important , not only for elucidating the molecular biological mechanism of plant male sterility , but also for accelerating its application in heterosis through genetic engineering method 分离植物花粉发育相关基因，不仅有助于探明植物花粉发育的分子模式，还可以更好地推动植物雄性不育基因工程和杂种优势利用的发展。
Directed on the present situation and existing problems in boosting beef cattle industry based on the yellow cattle improvement in china , the review indicated that several relationships , such as integration of individual households and large scale cattle farms , integration of yellow cattle improvement , crossbreeding , breed conservation and utilization , integration of high grain diet intensified fattening and low grain diet economic fattening , should be handled properly ; and the requirements of profitable cattle industry for increasing reproductive survive rate , using hybrid vigor and improving the weight gain , the main factors affecting economic return of large scale cattle farms and the technology level improvement in cattle industry were duiscussed as well 本文就近来我国以黄牛改良为特点的肉牛业蓬勃发展现状与存在问题，指出应处理好养牛经营形式千家万户与规模牛场相结合、黄牛肉用与肉役兼用相结合、黄牛改良选育与杂交、保种及利用相结合、高精料强度肥育与低精料适度育肥相结合等几个问题；并就提高养牛经济效益对提高繁殖成活率、充分利用杂种优势、提高日增重的要求和影响规模牛场经济效益的主要因素及如何提高养牛科技水平等问题提出探讨。
The results indicated that opposite maize had widespread heterosis like alternative maize ; yield advantage of opposite f1 ( alternative alternative ) was better than that of f1 ( opposite opposite ) and f1 ( alternative opposite or reverse ) ; general combining ability of yield characters was decreased by opposite characters transfer maize , but alternative maize with opposite genes has high general combining ability , so that on the opposite maize breeding , alternative inbred lines with different opposite genes can be parents for breeding hybrid lines ( alternative alternative ) and hybrid varieties with more seeds and high yield can be obtained 结果表明：对生玉米同互生玉米一样具有普遍的杂种优势，在产量性状上f1对生株优势互互组合大于对对组合和对互（互对）组合；对生性状的转育对产量性状的一般配合力有降低效应，而含有对生基因的互生玉米具有较高的一般配合力效应，因此，在对生玉米育种中可以利用含有不同对生基因的互生自交系作亲本来组配杂交组合（互互） ，从而获得较高的制种产量和高产的对生杂交种。
