Twinspan and dca were combined in analyzing the ecological relationships between vegetation and environments of taiyuan urban zone , we get 8 types from 48 street examples as twinspan analysis results which is validated by the results of dca 在城区植被的生态关系研究方面，应用twinspan和dca相结合的方法，对48个街道样方进行分类和排序。 twinspan将城区48条街道分为8个街道类型。 dca排序结果基本验证了tiwnspan的结果。
Sgs expressly denies liability for all damages for loss of opportunity , loss of revenue , loss of actual or anticipated profit or other consequential loss arising either directly or indirectly from reliance by the client or any other person on the content and conclusions of this report 我的译文:由于送样方或其他人对该报告的内容及结论的信任所产生的机会的损失、税收的损失、实际或预期利润的损失以及其他相应的损失， sgs不负有赔偿责任。
To a certain extent , alpine grassland habitat of eastern qilian mountains was fragmented by frequent disturbance ( including grazing , reclamation , etc ) , which resulted in an increase of the diversity and species replacement rate was rapid in the condition of moderate soil moist and sunlight time 放牧干扰（放牧、人为不合理开发）引起生境的逐渐破碎化，使样方内微生境或资源异质性减小，样方间异质性增大，土壤湿度和日照时间适中时物种替代速率较快，从而导致多样性增加。
68 quadrats were divided into 8 types of communities by twinspan , which can be treated as one - dimension resource states . the niche breadths and overlaps of main dominant species were measured using a series of indices proposed by levins , shannon - wiener and petraitis 在该地区植被的优势种生态位的研究方面，仍然运用twinspan把样方分为8个群落类型，用levins 、 shannon - wiener生态位宽度公式和petraitis生态位特定重叠指数公式测定群落中主要种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠，并分析各种群生态位的生态学意义。
In order to understand northern agriculture and animal husbandry of our country interlocks and takes the law of climate impact on vegetation , this literary grace uses one kind of square investigation methods to carry on the vegetation investigation in a kind of ground of fixing already laid , precipitation , temperature , etc . meteorological materials of studying area are collected 摘要为了解我国北方农牧交错带气候对植被的影响规律，以宁夏盐池县为对象，采用样方调查法进行植被调查，并收集研究区降水、气温等气象资料。
Based on the enviroment of the nandagang wetland , combining the outside investigation and inside analysis , adopting the mathematical analysis methods such as the principal component analysis ( pca ) , regression analysis , correlation analysis etc . the type of wetland ecosystem , the flora of the wetland plant , the type , the function , the formation and succession and the outside influencial factors of the vegetation , the ecological conditions and biomass of the reed population are all studied . the main results can be concluded as follows : 1 ) the nandagang wetland is a freshwater one close to the bohai sea . its ecosystem can be divided into two parts : natural ecosystem and semi - artificial ecosystem 本研究从南大港湿地的实际环境出发，采用样方调查的方法，以外业调查和内业分析相结合、野外采集测量与实验室分析处理相结合、定性描述与定量分析相结合为根本研究路线，应用主分量分析( pca ) 、回归分析、相关分析等数学分析手段，对南大港湿地生态系统的类型、湿地植物的区系组成、湿地植被类型、植被的功能、植被的形成和演替、植被的外界影响因素、湿地芦苇种群的生态条件和种群生物量等方面进行了较深入的研究，主要研究结果如下： 1 )南大港湿地是滨海泻湖型淡水湿地。
We choose the forest appearance tidiness , representative stands serving as standard plots , 40 stands were set up at qinling , hanzhong , huanghong in shaanxi respectively , measure every tree in the stands , measure the actual increase by the dominance tree , the time series model of individual age and diameter of quercus variabilis was established according to the actual diameter of quercus variabilis population by the fluctuant time series , the comparison of simulation and reality value of the every stand of quercus variabilis population diameter increase through the four models , the average simulation difference within 1 . 5 % , the accuracy is 97 . 8 % the simulation effect is better 在陕西的秦岭、汉中、黄龙地区选择林相整齐、有代表性的地段作为标准地，设置样方40个，对各样方内的林木进行每木检尺，通过优势木解析的方法，测得栓皮栎种群胸径的实际生长量，运用起伏型时间序列分析，建立了栓皮栎种群个体年龄与胸径生长的时间序列模型，四个模型所得的各个样地栓皮栎胸径生长的模拟值与实际值进行比较，其模拟平均误差都在1 . 5 %以内，平均精度达到97 . 8 % ，模拟效果较好。
Previous researchers have always determined the sp atial distribution patterns ( sdp ) of castanopsis kawakamii with a sample - dis tance method . however , the distribution patterns may be affected by the quadrat si ze and , in the course of analysis , the density differences among the cluster plots are not considered ; therefore , differences of cluster plot size and the dispersi on degree among individuals of cluster plots can not be known . authers of this pa per have determined the spatial distribution patterns of castanopsis kawakamii population in different habitats by means of non - quadrat distance method and a nalysed the pattern intensity and grain of the sdp . the pattern intensity is defi ned with the relative density differences and the pattern grain can embody the d ispersion degree of the individuals in the plots , and the dispersion degree among the plots . the determined results are as follows . the intensities of the species range in order from strong to week : litsea mollifolia p . kawakamii i . purpure a r . cochinchinensis c . kawakamii c . carlessii d . oldphamii s . superba . the gra ins of the species queue in order from coarse to close : s . superba = litsea mollif olia r . cohinchinensis c . kawakamii = i . purpurea c . carlessii p . racemosam d . oldp hamii . these determined results tally basiclly with the results authers of this paper have got in determining the same plots by means of aggregate index access ing method . in view of this , it is held that the sdp of c . kawakamii is closely related to the habitats and biological features 前人都是采用样方方法对格氏栲种群数量的空间格局进行测定，而格局分布有可能受样方大小的影响，且分析过程中没有涉及聚块间密度差的问题，因而无法掌握种群的聚块大小差别及聚块内个体间的离散程度.本研究采用无样方距离法，测定不同生境的格氏栲种群空间格局，分析格氏栲种群格局的强度和纹理.强度以聚块和间隙的密度差来定义，纹理则是体现聚块内个体间的离散程度与诸聚块间的分离程度.测定结果表明，格氏栲种群格局强度从高到低排列次序为：木姜子蚊母树冬青茜草树格氏栲米槠虎皮楠木荷；格局纹理从粗到细的顺序是：木荷=木姜子茜草树格氏栲=冬青米槠蚊母树虎皮楠.这一测定结果与作者采用聚集度指标测定相同样地格氏栲种群空间格局的结果基本相符.因此，格氏栲空间格局类型及分布与格氏栲生物学特性及生境的关系密切
The remote sensing quantitative retrieval model for the appraisable factors of desertification monitoring are founded . in naiman country , inner mongolia , the experimental area , the hyperspectral imaging spectrometer data in plant growth seasons are collected by state - produced airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer omis - i , and the etm + image is also obtained . meanwhile , ground investigation and measurement are made , which include the measurement on reflection feature of different kinds of geo - targets and the ground investigation data necessary for spectral rebuilding and retrieval models of the appraisable factors of desertification monitoring 本研究以内蒙古奈曼旗作为研究试验区，采用我国自行研制的机载高光谱成像光谱仪omis - ，在植被生长季节取得高光谱分辨率成像光谱仪数据和etm ~ +图像，并进行了同步的地面调查及量测，包括不同类型地物反射特性量测和光谱重建以及荒漠化监测评价因子定量反演模型所必需的地面样方调查数据。
