The fourth chapter describes the experimental system we design . using the relation formula of angles we get in chapter three , a formula of light transmission corresponding to the experimental system is 第四章设计了验证光强透射比的实验系统，利用第三章给出的角度关系公式，得到了相应于实验系统的光强透射比公式，并对各种形式的棱镜的光强透射比进行测试。
Based on the macneille design and the basic principle optical thin film , we improve the extinction ratio of pbs through changing the structure and interference that can erase the p polarizing refractive both on the front and back side 从棱镜的设计原理和薄膜光学的理论基础为出发点，通过改变棱镜的结构形式提高其消光比：利用干涉方法消除了前后通光面p光的反射。
This formula shows the change of the light transmission with the continuous change of incident angle and azimuth angle of incident light , and the refractive index of the glue and thickness of the glued layer of the prisms . the effect of wavelength is also studied 解释了激光偏光棱镜的光强透射比随光线的人射角、方位角、胶合层介质的折射率及胶合层的厚度的变化关系，还讨论了人射波长的影响。
This paper analyses the critical angle method that often use in focus detected . we receive two relations , the first relation between refractive index of the critical - angle prism and focus - error signal ; the second relation between numerical aperture of object lens and out - of - focus error signal 本文针对伺服系统中常用的调焦方法-临界角方法进行了分析，理论上得到临界角棱镜的折射率、物镜的数值孔径与离焦误差信号的关系。
In the second chapter , firstly , we introduce part of the basic theory and the design principal of crystal polarizing prisms ; then we have a summary to the design of nichol prisms , which are important in history and introduce the design of glan type crystal polarizing prisms in detail 第二章首先介绍了部分理论基础知识和晶体偏光棱镜的设计原理，然后简要介绍了历史上具有重要意义的尼克耳型设计，相对详细的介绍了格兰型晶体偏光棱镜的设计原理。
This paper analyses emphatically the position error and manufacture error of critical - angle prism the position error and aberration of object lens the position error and manufacture error of the polarization beam splitter the position error of the detector , and come out their relations 着重分析了临界角棱镜位置误差与制造误差；物镜的位置误差与像差；偏振分束棱镜的位置误差与制造误差；探测器的位置误差等对离焦误差信号的影响，并给出了理论曲线。
The outcome suggest that , firstly , the change of light transmission with the continuous change of parameters is periodic ; secondly , as far as the degree of effect is concerned , the light transmission of air - spaced prisms is much more sensitive to the change of the parameters than that of the glue spaced ones ; thirdly , as to the prisms glued with the same dielectric , the effect of prisms whose optical axis parallels to the glued layer is intense than those whose optical axis parallels to the plane determines by the normal of incident face and that of the cut face 研究认为，激光偏光棱镜的光强透射比随各参量的连续变化都呈现出一定的周期性；各参量对空气隙型偏光棱镜的影响要比对胶合型棱镜的影响大的多；同种介质胶合的棱镜，各参量对光轴平行于切割斜面的设计类型比光轴平行于切割面的法线和入射端面的法线所组成的平面的设计类型的影响要大。
In the retrofocus project , a retrofocus structure with two elements is used in the object lens to enlarge fov and back working distance , in the head of which the negative meniscus have the effect of balancing aberration and deviating rays like a prism . and a standard hyperhemisphere immersion lens with high refractive index is put behind the object lens to satisfy the receiving of a detector with smaller photosensitive 反远距设计方案中物镜采用二片式反远距结构,增大了视场和后工作距离,弯月型负透镜在前,具有平衡像差和棱镜的偏向作用;物镜后放置高折射率标准超半球型浸没透镜,满足小光敏面探测器接收。
The effective reflection area of a cubic corner reflector is defined , it is testified for the cubic corner reflector that the ray reflect from this prism is not parallel with the ray incident on the corner of undersurface of this prism , the effective reflection area is calculated in the case of the ray incident on the undersurface of this prism vertically , the acreage of the effective reflection area is two thirds as that of the undersurface of this prism 定义了立方角锥棱镜的有效反射区，证明了立方角锥棱镜底面角部区域(即非有效反射区)入射光与出射光不平行，并且在入射光垂直棱镜底面入射情况下计算得有效反射区的面积为底面的三分之二。
Only the main transmitted light from the glued layer or the first - order transmitted light also , is considered at most in the existing study outcome about light intensity transmission . on occasion , some experimental results about light transmission are given as a performance index . and nearly no one considers the contribution of the higher - order transmitted lights and the effects of the inaccuracy in glue technology on light distribution 人们对它的研究，往往只考虑棱镜胶合层的两切割斜面上的主透射光束，至多同时考虑次级透射光束对出射光强的影响，或直接将光束光强透射比的实验值的平均结果作为棱镜的一个性能指标给出，很少考虑棱镜胶合层间光束的多次反射对输出光强的影响以及结构误差和使用调整误差对棱镜光强分布的影响。
