Four fundamental methods are introduced , namely well temperature , ground potential survey , microearthquake and radioactivity isotope , which were used to monitor the fracture geometry of fractured coalbed methane wells in north china 摘要介绍了井温测试法、放射性同位素法、大地电位测试法和微地震测试法监测煤层水力压裂裂缝的基本原理。
Based on the geological feature of gold - bearing breccia bodies in the shuangwang gold deposit , shanxi province , author identified it to be hydrofracturing breccia bodies , are formed by hydrofracturing of the deep - seated gold - bearing and alkali - rich fluids in the devonian hydrothermal sodium - rich rock series 该水压角砾岩体是深源富碱含金流体在泥盆系一套热水沉积的富钠质岩系中发生水力压裂作用形成的。
The surface of natural fracture ( crack ) is parallel to the orientation of maximum principal stress . the principle orientation of anisotropic permeability reservoirs agrees with the orientation of the maximum principle stress . many engineering problems ( e . g . bore - hole stability , casing deformation failure during drilling , reasonable arrangement of wells , the optimum design of hydraulic fracture and so on ) are influenced by the in - situ stress orientation 天然裂缝面和裂隙面与最大主应力方向平行；在各向异性低渗透率油田中主渗透率方向与最大水平主应力方向趋向一致：在钻井过程中井壁稳定性，套管变形和损坏，油田开发井网合理布置、水力压裂优化设计等都与地应力方向有关。
Based on the existent well pattern and fracture azimuth of xinzhan oilfield , this paper establishes the numerical simulation model of fracture reservoir , and calculates the effect of fracture length ratio and fracture flow conductivity of hydraulic fractured injection wells and production wells on the reservoir development index 摘要依据新站油田现有井网和裂缝方位条件，建立了带裂缝的油藏数值模拟模型，计算出实施水力压裂的注水井和采油井缝长比及裂缝导流能力对油藏开采指标的影响。
The early coaxial progressive depressing makes the forming of tectonic lens in the competent rich - sodic and incompetent rich - mud rocks ; the later nocoaxial progressive shearing makes the tectonic compression fracture into extension fracture in the early tectonic lens , at the same time , the great drop of pressure leads to the hydrofractureing of deep fluid along the fracture in the rich - sodic rocks , and then produces the hydrofracturing breccia 早期共轴递进挤压使能干性的富钠质岩系与非能干性的富泥质岩系发生构造透镜石香肠化；晚期的非共轴递进剪切使早期在透镜体中心形成的构造裂隙由剪性转化?张性，并?生巨大的压力降使深部的流体在富钠质岩系中沿裂隙发生水力压裂作用，从而形成双王水力压裂含角砾岩。
During the process of studying tectonic origin of gold - bearing breccia bodies in the shuangwang gold deposit , shanxi province , the author apply several modern tectonics theories , such as hydrofracturing , fluid dynamic breccia , tectonic pumping , deformation partitioning , embryonic fracture etc . the paper presents an kind of new model for the formation of hydrofracturing breccia - type metallotectonic , which is one of fracture - vein - breccia series metallotectonics concerning fluid , by deformation partitioning , embryonic fracture , hydrofracturing and rupture - healing 本文所探讨的陕西双王含金角砾岩体的构造成因研究运用了水力压裂作用、流体动力角砾岩、流体泵吸作用、变形分解作用和雏形断裂理论等几个现代构造地质理论，提出了变形分解作用?雏形断裂作用?水力压裂作用?裂开愈合作用四位一体的水压角砾岩型咸矿构造模型，是与流体动力作用有关的裂隙?脉?角砾岩系成矿构造的一种新的模式。
This paper addresses the important status of low permeability reservoirs in chinese oil industry and the significance of fractured low permeability reservoir study ; illustrates the delineation standard of low permeability reservoir and enumerates the characteristics of low permeability fractured reservoirs ; introduces classification of the reservoirs and fluid flowing characteristics of different reservoirs ; expatiates fracture study as well as stimulation measures often used for developing low permeability reservoir - hydraulic fracturing ; last expounded at length is the progress in theoretical study of fluid flowing in low permeability fractured media 本文首先阐述了低渗透油藏在我国石油工业中的重要地位以及关于裂缝性低渗透油藏研究的重要意义；说明了对低渗透油藏界限的界定标准，并列举了裂缝性低渗透油藏的特点；介绍了裂缝性低渗透储层的分类，并描述了不同类型储层的流体渗流特征；详细分析了关于低渗透油藏中裂缝的研究，以及开发低渗透油藏常用的增产措施水力压裂技术；最后重点阐述了关于裂缝性低渗介质中渗流理论的研究进展。
It is determined by the characteristics of chinese coal seams that they are difficult to exploit ; this paper analyzes three main stimulation technologies : hydraulic fracturing , displacement of multi - gas and oriented pinnate horizontal well - drilling , which can provide technical guidance for developing coal - bed gas more efficiently and reasonably 此外还分析了目前国内外煤层气增产的3项主要技术：水力压裂改造技术、煤中多元气体驱替技术和定向羽状水平钻井技术。
Axisymmetric numerical model for original casing - eroded wells is established through hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation , and it can help to determine the relationship between distance limit from casing erosion point to fractured zone and fracturing pressure , so as to refrain from casing erosion recurrence in original easing eroded wells 摘要为解决套损井修复后水力压裂施工时重新出现套损，以及确定套损点到压裂层的距离界限，通过对水力压裂过程的数值模拟，建立了套损修复井的轴对称计算模型，得出了套损点到压裂层的距离界限与施工压力的关系。
Among them , the uncompetent pelitic series are cleaved in the srong - deformation zone with relatively high temperature , high pressure ; with weak hydrofracturing , the competent sodium - rich series dilatacying and forming microfracture ( ie , embryonic fracture ) in the core of the weak - deformation demain , which is a natural lens - like pumping centre with relatively low temperature , low pressure and high permeability 强变形带中的非能干性泥质岩系强烈劈理化，为相对高温高压带；弱变形域内的能干性钠质岩系则伴随弱水力压裂作用发生扩容，形成雏形断裂的微裂隙，同时，它是一个相对低温、低压、高渗透率的透镜状天然泵吸中心。
