The major types include the natural and artificial wetlands such as swamp wetland , lake wetland , river wetland , estuary wetland , sea - beach wetland , shallow sea area , reservoir , ponds and rice paddy fields 主要类型有沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、河口湿地、海岸滩涂、浅海水域、水库、池塘、稻田等天然湿地和人工湿地。
Macroscopical studies are mainly focused on seven aspects such as wetland protection and developing , etc . , while microscopical studies are mainly on swamps , lakes , rivers and coastal wetland 宏观方面的研究主要集中在湿地保护与合理开发利用等7个方面；微观层面，主要开展了沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地、河流湿地和滨海湿地等方面的研究。
The process of gathering fossil fuels and other natural resources can be devastating to the sensitive wildlands ( such as the tropical rainforests , the arctic tundra , and coastal marshes ) from which they come 采集石油和其他一些自然资源的过程会对这些资源所来自的脆弱的自然生态环境（如热带雨林，北极苔原和沿海的沼泽湿地）带来毁灭性的影响。
Finally , each category of the classification system is that : 1 ) the extent of human activities as the first class : natural wetland landscape , half natural wetland landscape and artificial wetland landscape ; 2 ) geomorphology as the second class : flood land , depression , valley and terrace ; 3 ) marsh wetland vegetation as the third class , which amalgamated with the way of indistinct assemble classification 从而建立了一套完整的景观生态制图分类系统:第一级按人类活动影响程度划分为:自然湿地景观、半自然湿地景观、人工湿地景观;第二级按地貌划分为:河漫滩、阶地、湖滨、洼地、谷地;第三级对沼泽湿地植被25种类型进行模糊聚类归并,得出不同比例尺的地图制图景观类型。
