However some states may not be measurable , in which case an observer is necessary to reconstruct the state from input and output variables . a static gain observer f or strict feedback system is provided 基于状态反馈的控制器要求所有的状态可以获得，但实际过程中由于成本和技术等原因只有部分状态可测时，必须考虑设计状态观测器，从系统输出和输入数据来重构系统状态。
All testing process , from screen characters suggest that the man - machine dialogue , friendly interface , and other computer functions remain , and without detection can be also used computer print forms and statements , corporate internal matters such as file management , the use of a machine 全部检测过程，由屏幕汉字提示，人机对话、界面友好，另外计算机功能仍保留，在不检测时也可做计算机用及打印表格报表、企业内部档案管理等事宜，体现一机多用。
Measurements of stressors ( major life events , minor daily hassles and perceived stress of university life ) , personality ( locus of control , extraversion and neuroticism ) and mental health ( depression , anxiety and somatic symptoms ) were taken at time 1 ; mental health was measured again at time 2 eight months later 本研究在第一次施测时测量了压力(包括严重生活事件、轻微生活困扰及主观知觉的大学生活压力) ，人格特质(包括内外控、内外向及神经质) ，以及心理健康(包括忧郁、焦虑和身体化症状) ；在八个月后第二次施测时重复测量了心理健康。
2 . this study demonstrates that young children exposed to a false belief training regime shows only training task - specific false belief posttest improvement ; that is , the only significant pre - post test increase shown by the false belief training group is on the close transfer unexpected transfer task , the task on which they were trained . these results suggest that task - specific strategies for close transfer posttest success were learned , rather than demonstrating a real increase in children ' s conceptual understanding of mental states 2 、用意外地点任务进行训练的儿童，用相应的意外地点任务进行后测，其成绩有显著提高；而用意外内容进行后测时其成绩没有显著变化，说明训练效果只能发生近迁移而不能发生远迁移，说明训练是任务特殊性的，不能增加儿童对心理理论概念的理解。
According to the high dispersedness and low precision of measurements when using the traditional time difference method in small diameter and low flow rates conditon , this paper brings forward a new method based on high - speed data acquisition technique . the time difference comes out accurately with high resolving ability of time by using the method and the signal processing algorithms . the developed ultrasonic detection system is composed of two ultrasonic detectors , a transmitting and receiving ultrasonic unit , a high - speed data acquisition unit and a computer 本文针对传统的时差法在小管径、低流速测量时,具有测时结果分散性大、测量精度受计数频率的影响大等不足,创造性地把高速数据采集技术应用在超声波流量、压力测量上,用信号处理算法求时差,使时差成为一个统计量,有效地克服了超声波传统时差法测量精度差、不能测量小管径、低流速流体流量的缺点,提高了时差测量的分辨率和精度。
In this paper , the radiolocation technique and principium of ofdm in the cell - communication system were introduced firstly , and sensitivity of ofdm system to synchronization was analyzed . then , two methods of timing synchronization based on the cyclic prefix and pilot sequence were introduced , and a novel timing synchronization method based on pilot sequence was presented , which provided a correlation peak with pulse shape 由于ofdm系统中的定时同步要求和无线定位中的测时测距在本质上是一致的，所以本文紧接着分析了基于循环前缀和导频序列的两种定时同步方法，并提出了一种新的基于导频序列的具有脉冲形状相关峰的定时同步方法。
All the major crane manufacturers have been devoted to solving these problems ; few ideal resolutions have been obtained yet . though . with the development of gps technology . some tentative new methods to deal with such problems are made possible . this paper probes into how to apply gps technology - global position system with the function of measuring time and distance by use of navigation satellites into integrated container rtp 各大制造厂长期以来致力于这些问题的研究，但效果似乎并不理想。 gps的诞生及技术性能的提高为轮胎吊这些问题解决提供了新的方法。 gps的含义是利用导航卫星进行测时和测距，以构成全球定位系统，本文就gps在集装箱rtg上的应用进行探索和研究。
Adaptive bounding technique is used to deal with unknown boundedness of approximation errors . the arbitrary output tracking accuracy is achieved by tuning the design parameters . thirdly , based on the results in chapter 3 , two design approaches of adaptive iterative learning control ( ailc ) are proposed for two classes of parametric nonlinear time - delay systems 神经网络用于逼近未知的非线性时滞函数，当状态不可测时，采用时滞滤波器估计系统状态，利用backstepping技术设计权值自适应律和控制律，占优化方法处理时滞基函数，自适应界化技术处理逼近误差的未知上界，通过调节设计参数可以实现对目标轨线任意精度的跟踪。
