With the support of the chinese national nature science fund , based on the previous research work on the refraction - diffraction hybrid integrated micro spectrometer , the basic theories have been further studied . the final goal of this study is to fabricate a reflection hybrid integrated micro fiber spectrometer with a performance approximate the practical use 本论文的工作得到了国家自然科学基金重点项目的资助，在前期成功研制出折衍混合集成微小型光谱仪的基础上，进一步对微型光谱仪的相关基础理论进行了深入的探讨，以期研制出接近实用化的混合集成微型光纤光谱仪。
Hybrid - integrated technique is a sophisticated technique , use for the second level integration of system circuits . as its low cost and high reliability , it is widely applied to many fields , such as space , vehicle , navigate , communication and medicine , etc . but the products usually are limited to lower frequency application because of its used technology . traditionally thick film technology makes a dim edge and uneven surface , which cause a bad high frequency feature 厚膜混合集成技术是一项成熟技术，由于其低廉的成膜技术及高可靠性，使其二次集成的系统集成电路广泛应用于航天、航海、医疗、车辆、通讯等各个领域中，但其以往只限于较低频率的产品，就其原因是由于以往的成膜浆料特性及其成膜方法的限制。
As a planar structure , microstrip fit for hybrid integrity , but their disadvantages also exist : the dissipation loss caused by conductor , radiation , and dielectric , therefore , they are not suitable to be used in millimeter wave applications and couldn ’ t compose high q passive components 微带线作为一种平面电路结构,适合于系统的混合集成,但是这种结构也存在一定的缺陷,由于导体损耗、辐射损耗和介质损耗的存在,使得它不适于工作在毫米波波段,也无法构成高q值的部件。
With 8mm mmw integrated circuit , a power amplifier ( pa ) is successfully developed in my project , an researching project of " ten - five " . problems such as the difficulties in devices of small volumes designing and manufacturing caused by high frequency and short wavelength are solved 本文结合“十五”军事电子预研课题，实现了一种基于毫米波mmic功率放大芯片的毫米波功率放大器的研制，以及在此基础上的混合集成高效平面结构的功率合成技术的研究，以进一步提高功率。
This thesis explains the necessity of the character recognition technology of the computer at first , describe the meaning in which the handwritten numeral discerns ; pretreatment technology of handwritten numeral recognition , including two value , line segmentation , word segmentation smooth , removing noising , standardization and thinning are discussed two value concretely discusses whole threshold value , some threshold value , dynamic threshold value and utilize space information to carry on threshold , which are several kinds of common method of choosing threshold value , especially utilize space information to carry on threshold value is describe in detail ; adopting to the foundation of thinning based on mathematics morphology , thinning algorithm of serials same and thinning algorithm of protecting shape are discussed ; afterwards , according to principle ' s diagram of the on - line character recognition , by analyzing the structure feature of the handwritten numeral , this thesis has proposed the online recognition te chnology of the free handwritten numeral based on the stroke feature and the online recognition technology of the free handwritten numeral based on the multistage classifying device . detail narrated noise removing , stroke characteristic definition and discernment , distance criterion of whole word match ; then under the foundation of handwritten numeral segmentation , off - line handwritten numeral recognition is researched . especially minimum distance classifying device , tree classifying device and adaptive resonance ( art ) network classifying device is discussed at the same time , believes degree analyses are introduced to integrate a lot of classifying devices ; at the end , the typical application of the handwritten numeral recognition was briefly narrated , its application in extensive data statistics , financial affairs , tax , finance and mail sorting have been explored 二值化时对整体阈值二值化、局部阈值二值化、动态阈值二值化和利用空间信息进行阈值选取几种常用的阈值选取方法进行讨论，特别对利用空间信息进行阈值选取进行了详细论述；在对通过对基于数学形态学的细化的基础上，讨论序贯同伦形态细化算法和保形的快速形态细化算法；然后依据联机字符识别原理框图，分析了手写数字的结构特点，提出了基于笔划特征的任意手写数字在线识别技术和基于多级分类器任意手写数字在线识别技术，对其中涉及的笔划识别前的噪声处理、笔划间特征量的定义及识别、整字匹配的距离准则进行了详细叙述；继而在对手写数字的分割的基础下对脱机手写数字识别进行了研究，对基于最小距离分类器字符识别、基于树分类器的字符识别、基于自适应共振( art )网络的字符识别分别进行了详细讨论，并引入置信度分析将多个分类器进行了混合集成；最后简单阐述了手写数字识别的典型应用，对其在大规模数据统计、财务、税务、金融及邮件分拣中的应用进行了探索。
