( 2 ) the thesis offers an actual case using the income approach to assess the value of the shipping enterprises that appear on the market and make profit , hi the course of valuation , the grey system theory is employed to forecast the future income of the shipping enterprises ( 2 )用实例演示收益现值法在上市盈利航运价值评估中的应用，其中用灰色系统理论对航运企业未来收益进行预测，用加权平均资本成本模型和资本资产定价模型确定折现率。
The article consists of six parts as follows : the first part of the article briefly introduces the background , meaning and the study methods of the article . it makes a summary of difficulties and innovations in this article , then gives a detailed statement of the important conceptions and theories which are used in the research process 论文具体内容包括以下六个部分：第一，阐述本论文的研究背景、意义及研究方法，总结本论文难点及创新点，并阐述研究过程中应用的一些重要概念和原理；第二，国内外油气勘探类项目净现值法和实物期权法的研究情况回顾。
Finally , this article points out that the traditional method of net present value has the defect to assessing investment decision of company , also proves that investment of the company has the characteristic of the american call option through introducing the concept of the option of investment and the material object option 最后，本文将在指出传统的净现值法在评估公司投资决策缺陷的基础上，通过引入投资期权和实物期权的概念，来论证公司的投资决策具有美式看涨期权的特性。
As intangible asset , intellectual property has great value . there are many uncertainty and illegibility during appraisal , the appraisal methods used now have some disadvantage , so in this paper , fuzzy multiple goals decision - making method model is applied to appraise intellectual property for helping the companies appraise its value properly 由于知识产权的价值评估具有较大的不确定性和模糊性,目前的价值评估方法- - - -收益现值法、成本法和现行市场法在处理不确定性问题上有很大弊端,文章建立了模糊评价模型对其进行评估,以便企业客观的评估其软件知识产权价值。
Thirdly , gap analysis , duration analysis , net present value analysis and dynamic simulation analysis , these four risk measurement techniques and how to use them are studied . and then , commerce tactics to manage and control interest rate risks and how to use them are researched detailedly . at last , an example which further illustrates how to manage and control interest a rate risks for commercial banks of china is given . interest rate risk management is a complicated job , so commercial banks should choose appropriate skills and measures to control interest rate risk effectively for keeping their earnings free of adverse influence of interest rate changes 本文首先根据巴塞尔委员会制定的利率风险管理的原则和西方银行业的经验，对商业银行所面临的利率风险进行了具体地识别分析；研究了敏感性缺口管理技术、有效持续期缺口管理技术、净现值法和动态模拟法这四种商业银行利率风险的衡量管理技术及其运用；然后对控制利率风险的具体管理策略以及如何运用这些管理策略来控制利率风险进行了详细地分析研究；利用前面介绍的成果和方法用实例系统地说明了商业银行应根据自身情况选择合适的管理技术和策略，有效地控制利率风险。
First of all , on the whole , the dissertation systematically explores some measures of managing the risks of venture capital companies in our country . secondly , there are four little aspects that are new . the first one is the practical venture capital organization form according to the situation of china ; the second is the application of real options in investment decision - making ; the third is introducing the matrix management organization and designing a set of risk monitoring model in the assistant management stage : the last one is putting forward two train of thought solving the issue of exit time that are bayes and real options 本文的创新之处首先从整体上来看，本文从风险投资公司的角度，紧密结合我国的实际情况，系统地研究了我国风险投资公司应采取的全过程的风险管理措施；其次，具体来说有以下四小点创新：一是探讨了适合我国国情的风险资本组织形式；二是对于风险投资决策方法的创新? ?运用实物期权的思想和方法来弥补传统投资决策方法? ?净现值法的缺陷；三是在经营阶段的风险管理方面，提出了矩阵制的项目管理模式和该阶段的风险监控模式；四是在退出时机的把握上提出两种解决思路? ?贝叶斯法和实物期权法。
Under the presumption that technology is a kind of production factor , the net present value approach and the game theory are applied to analyze the market of technology systematically , and the equilibrium condition of this market is discussed on the basis of some basic laws of economics 摘要文章根据经济学关于市场均衡的基本原理，在假定技术是一种生产要素的前提下，运用了净现值法和博弈分析法，对技术要素市场进行了探索性研究；探讨了技术要素市场的均衡问题，并论证了技术要素市场的均衡条件。
The fourth part is a key part of value management of human resource , on the basis of the third part , including content as follow : discussing the value management for the human resource investing systematically , and listing procedure and method of predicting and decision ; discussing the value encouraging and value control to the human resource , conceiving the method of analyzing and controlling tentatively ; discussing the relevant problem of assigning , human resource value should have the power to obtain the surplus and should be divided into two steps : surplus value should be assigned between human capital and financial capital at first , then surplus value that human capital has assigned should be assigned again among the individuals , and put forward the corresponding method 第二部分详细探讨了人力资源价值管理会计理论基础、定义及性质、目的及意义、对象及特点、职能、主要内容及方法；第三部分是对人力资源价值及其计量的研究，通过分析当前人力资源价值计量方法的优缺点，本文认为人力资源价值管理会计中的人力资源价值计量应当采用未来现金流量现值法。并在此基础上对人力资源群体价值和个体价值的计量模式进行了构建；第四部分是人力资源价值管理的核心部分，系统地对人力资源投资(取得、开发及替代)的价值管理、人力资源价值激励及价值分析与控制以及人力资源价值盈余分配管理三大部分内容进行了研究，并提出相应的价值管理方法。
A real options framework of venture capital investment decision in discrete - time is build . based on the extended npv formula , binomial model combined with black - scholes formula , an integrated model of venture capital investment decision evaluation is given . there are five parts in the model , and five steps to get the solution to 构建了离散状态下风险投资决策的实物期权框架：以扩展的净现值法计算公式为基础，将二叉树模型与black - scholes模型结合，构建了一个评价评价风险投资决策的综合模型，模型分为五部分，分五步求解。
