Chapter 1 reviews the development of the studies on nanoparticles in recent years , including the properties and manufacture of nanoparticles , especially the application of nanoparticles in photochemical and electrochemical bioanalysis . chapter 2 is divided into two parts 第一章综述了近年来对纳米粒子研究的发展，包括纳米粒子的性质、制备和表征，尤其重点评述了纳米粒子在生物分析中的光分析和电分析两个领域里的应用。
Recent years , the using of piezoelectric sensors becomes a focus in novel biosensors research . the basic principle is that the characters of its oscillation are highly responded with the changes of the surface mass adsorption , or the physic characters in the reaction system including density , viscosity , conductivity and so on . a piezoelectric biosensor with a nanogram sensitivity could be constructed through a reasonable biological processing and structure designing to the piezoelectric quartz crystal 近年来,压电传感器检测技术逐渐成为生物分析中的研究热点,其基本原理是利用石英晶体振荡特性对石英晶体表面质量负载(质量效应)和反应体系物理性状如密度、粘度、电导率(非质量效应)等的改变具有高度敏感的特性,通过对石英晶体进行适当的生物学处理和结构设计,构建出具有具有ng级检测能力的生物传感器。
Here , aba - induced h2o2 generation and their roles in inducing stomatal closing were investigated by epidermal strips bioassay , laser scanning confocal microscopy and patch clamp with ios5 and its wild type plant as materials . there were no clear differences between wild type and ios5 in the density , shapes and aperture of their stomata 本文以los5及其相应野生型为材料，采用表皮条生物分析、激光扫描共聚焦显微技术及膜片钳技术研究了nacl胁迫条件下， aba诱导保卫细胞内h _ 2o _ 2的产生及二者在诱导气孔关闭中的作用。
Electrochemiluminescence ( ecl ) is a technique that combines chemiluminescence ( cl ) and electrochemistry ( ec ) . the cl reaction was initiated by an electrochemical reaction at electrode surface . such an electro - initiation reaction introduces a large number of additional advantages , such as high sensitivity and selectivity , rapid and convenient operation and relatively simple instrumentation system 它将电化学技术与化学发光检测结合起来，弥补了电化学方法和化学发光方法的不足，具有灵敏度高、选择性好、动力学范围宽、检测快速方便、仪器价格便宜等优点，近几年来在分析化学，尤其在生物分析领域引起了人们的极大关注。
Piezoelectric immunosensing technique incorporates the high sensitivity of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance and high specificity of antibody - antigen immunoreaction , presenting some outstanding advantages including desirable simplicity , rapid response , and so on , which make it showing an attractive future of potential applications in the biochemical diagnosis of clinical diseases 压电免疫传感技术结合了压电石英晶体高灵敏性和免疫反应的高特异性,具有测定过程简便、快速等特点,在生物分析中具有广阔的应用前景。
Mitogen - activated protein ( map ) kinase signal transduction cascades are routes through which eukaryotic cells deliver extracellular messages to the cytosol and nucleus , and the increasing evidences showed that mapks are involved in aba - , sa - or h2o2 - signaling respectively . in addition , plant guard cells have been a well - developed model system for understanding how components interact within a signaling network in a single cell 本实验在表皮生物分析的基础上，主要利用显微注射技术、膜片钳技术和激光共聚焦显微技术，运用专一性蛋白激酶抑制剂处理，探索蛋白激酶对蚕豆( viciafabal . )气孔保卫细胞中aba和sa诱导的h _ 2o _ 2产生及其信号转导影响机理，结果如下： 1
