The energy equipartition time is longer than the interparticle collision time by the mass ratio of proton and electron . 由于质子与电子的质量比很大，能量平衡时间比粒子间碰撞时间长。
From time to time, scientists have speculated that the proton and electron charges might not be exactly equal in magnitude . 屡次地，科学家们推究质子与电子的电荷大小可能不恰好相等。
The thoughtful reader might propose the charge of the electron as an obvious candidate for the third natural unit . 善于动脑筋的读者，可能提出电子的电荷作为第三个自然单位的明显的候选者。
The secondary backscattered electron current is used to modulate the intensity of an electron beam in a cathode ray tube(crt) . 二次电子或背散射电子的电流被用来调制阴极射线管（CRT）中电子束的强度。
The influence of a uniform electric field on the motion and energy of the electrons in atoms is known as the stark effect . 均匀电场对原子中电子的运动和能量的影响就是众所周知的斯塔克（stark）效应。
Spin-orbit coupling is the interaction between the spin magnetic moment of an electron and magnetic field generated by its orbital motion . 自旋-轨道耦合是电子的自旋磁矩和由轨道运动产生的磁场之间的相互作用。
The rapid motion of the electros causes the sluggish nuclei to "see" the electron as a charge cloud, rather than as a discrete particle . 电子的快速运动使得缓动的核把电子“看成”象电核云，而不是象分立的粒子。
Because of their inertia, the electrons will overshoot and oscillate around their equilibrium positions with a characteristic frequency known as the plasma frequency . 因为电子的惯性，它们将冲过平衡位置，并以特征频率围绕它们的平衡位置振荡。
The role of electronics was wildly underestimated 电子的作用被极大的低估了。
