The measure methods have developed from the impact method to automatic - manual measure method that is central made of analog integrator and the computer automation measurement system that is central made of analog integrator , a / d > data acquisition 对于磁化特性的测量已经由经典的冲击电流计法发展到以模拟电子积分器为主要单元的半自动测量系统和以模拟电子积分、 a d转换、数据采集为主要单元的计算机控制的自动测量系统。
Compared with digital integrator composed of reversible counter , the trapezoidal formula digital integrator is utilized in integrating element of phase - lock controller , it has advantages in simple realization , fast transient response , wide lock range , insensitivity to disturbance 对锁相控制的积分环节采用了梯形公式数字积分器，与可逆计数器构成的数字积分器相比，梯形公式数字积分器具有实现简单、动态响应快、入锁范围大、抗扰动能力强等优点。
Aim at the dtc ' s blemish mentioned above and the direction of dtc technique development , the dissertation put great emphasis on the work as follows , with an eye to exalt dtc system function : ( 1 ) a new speed - flux observer of an induction motor is proposed to enhance the accuracy of flux observing , which is an adaptive closed - loop flux observer and different from the traditions . a new adaptive speed - observation - way is deduced out according to the popov ' s stability theories ; ( 2 ) to improve the performance of dtc at low speed operation , we have to exalt the accuracy of the stator flux estimation and a new way of bp neural network based on extended pidbp algorithm is given to estimate and tune the stator resistance of an induction motor to increase the accuracy of the stator flux estimation ; ( 3 ) digital signal processor is adopted to realize digital control . an device of direct torque control system is designed for experiment using tms320lf2407 chip produced by ti company ; ( 4 ) bring up a distributed direct torque control system based on sercos bus , sercos stand for serial real time communication system agreement which is most in keeping with synchronous with moderate motor control ; ( 5 ) the basic design frame of the hardware and software of the whole control system is given here and some concrete problem in the experiments is described here in detail 针对上面提到的直接转矩控制的缺陷和未来直接转矩控制技术发展方向，本论文重点做了以下几个方面的工作，目的在于提高dtc系统的综合性能： ( 1 )提出一种新型的速度磁链观测器，新型的速度磁链观测器采用自适应闭环磁链观测器代替传统的积分器从而提高磁链观测的精度，并且根据popov超稳定性理论推导出转速的新型自适应收敛律； ( 2 )改善系统的低速运行性能，主要从提高低速时对定子磁链的估计精度入手，提出了一种提高定子磁链观测精度的新思路? ?利用基于bp网络增广pidbp学习算法来实时在线地修正定子电阻参数； ( 3 )采用数字信号处理器dsp实现系统全数字化硬件控制，结合ti公司生产的tms320lf2407芯片，设计了直接转矩控制系统的实验装置； ( 4 )提出了基于sercos总线网络化分布式的直接转矩控制系统， sercos ( serialrealtimecommunicationsystem )是目前最适合同步和协调控制的串行实时通信协议； ( 5 )基本勾勒出整个控制系统的硬件和软件设计基本框架，详细描述一些实验中的具体的细节问题。
In the third chapter , a methodologies to realize second - order band - pass filter with which center frequency tuned in a wide range using mcdi ( multiple output current - mode differential integrator ) , these two kinds of mcdi are composed of pmos and nmos input transistors respectively , lastly we compare these two integrators " merits and disadvantages 第三章：提出了输入级分别为pmos管、 nmos管的多输出端电流模式全差分积分器，并由此构成了中心频率连续可调的二阶带通滤波器，同时比较了二者的优缺点。
To achieve it the author established a new observation flux linkage based on mras ( model reference adaptive system ) , which choose the stator current as comparing signal and can effectively estimate the flux linkage and rotate speed with simple configuration . the speed estimation with speed sensorless is an important trend of modern ac drive 对磁链的观测采取了改进的u - i积分器,并提出了一种新型的定子磁链mras自适应观测器,以定子电流作为比较信号,结构简单,能有效地辨识定子电阻,从而真正有效地估计定子磁链和速度。
Two approaches to improve the robustness of the detector , each based on a different theirs distortion mechanism . one is based on the modeling as fast fading distortion ( ffd ) whose optimum detector is the segmented replica correlator ( src ) . the second approach is replica correlation integration ( rci ) for time spreading channel ( tsd ) 从频率扩展信道( fastfadingdistortion ， ffd )和时间扩展信道( timespreadingdistortion , tsd )的形成机理出发建立了目标回波的数学模型，指出ffd和tsd的最佳检测器分别为分段副本相关器( src )和副本相关积分器( rci ) 。
And the ways to optimize the circuit architecture , minimize the circuit nonidealities and improve the circuit performance are analyzed combined with the characteristics of the modulator architecture . based on it , the switched - capacitor integrator , class a amplifier , nonoverlap clock , voltage reference , comparator , feedback dac have been designed . in the end , the layout design is shown 调制器采用全差分开关电容电路实现,并根据系统结构特点就如何优化电路结构、克服电路中存在的非理想特性、提高电路性能作了具体分析,在此基础上完成了开关电容积分器(开关、电容、运算放大器) 、参考电压源、比较器、两相非交叠时钟、反馈dac等模块的电路结构和参数设计。
At the same time , the optimum detector of ffd and tsd in wavelet domain have been investigated according to properties of cwt . they are wavelet - domain - segmented - replica - correlator ( wdsrc ) and wavelet - domain - replica - correlation - integration ( wdrci ) . and we have proved that their performances are consistent with those in time domain 同时又依据连续小波变换的性质推导出ffd和tsd信道小波变换域的最佳检测器：小波域的分段副本相关器( wdsrc )和小波域的副本相关积分器( wdrci ) ，并从理论和仿真证明了它们与相应的时域检测器性能的一致性，优于小波域的副本相关器( wdrc ) 。
Abstract : it provides a kind of new nonlinear integrator and its mathematical model . its frequency responses is disscussed by the harmonics linearization method . its phase lag is found to be only 27 . 6 , all high order harmonics are very small , and it is very resistant to disturbances . by using it , an two - objective optimum control system is designed . it has very good control performances and will have good prospects in application 文摘:提出一种新型的非线性积分器，给出它的数学模型，并用谐波线性化原理讨论它的频率特性，其幅频特性起积分作用，而相位滞后仅27 . 6 ，高次谐波分量小，抗干扰能力强.应用这种积分器设计了一个双目标优化的二次优化系统.仿真结果表明，系统的控制性能好，具有广泛的应用前景
The three - order modulator has a 2 - 1 cascaded structure and 1 - bit quantizer at the end of each stage , the modulator is implemented with fully differential switched - capacitor circuits . and then , the discussion will begin by exploring the design of various circuit blocks in the modulator in more detail , i . e . , ota , switched - capacitor integrator , quantizer , two - phase non - overlapping clock signal , etc . , at the same time , these circuits will be simulated in spectre and hspice . at last , the whole cascaded modulator will do behavioral level simulation by matlab soft and simulink toolbox 本论文中,首先介绍模数转换器的各种参数的意义,以及一阶sigma - delta调制器和高阶sigma - delta调制器的原理;给出解决高阶单环sigma - delta调制器不稳定性的方案,引入级联结构调制器,特别针对级联结构调制器中的失配和开关电容积分器的非理想特性进行详细的讨论;本设计的sigma - delta调制器采用2 - 1级联结构和一位量化器,调制器采用全差分开关电容电路实现;同时对整个调制器的各个模块进行了电路设计,包括跨导放大器、开关电容积分器、量化器、两相非交叠时钟等,并利用hspice和spectre仿真工具对这些电路进行仿真测试;最后,利用matlab软件和simulink工具对整个级联调制器进行行为级仿真。
