She describes this traumatic mental voyage in her prize - winning autobiography les enfants du bout du monde ( " the children from the other end of the world " ) 她在她的得奖自传《世界彼岸的儿童》一书中描述了她经历过的精神痛苦。
" he has been sufficiently punished by the mental anguish that he has passed through , " churchill wrote . " having told one lie . . . he was compelled to go on lying . 丘吉尔在信中说： “他（克莱琴斯基）被自己所经受的精神痛苦折磨着。他说了一个谎… …他是被迫说谎的。 ”
However , to downplay the doctrine of rebirth and explain the entire import of the dhamma as the amelioration of mental suffering through enhanced self - awareness is to deprive the dhamma of those wider perspectives from which it derives its full breadth and profundity 然而，对轮回学说不予重视，把佛法全义解释成仅是藉提高自我觉察以消解精神痛苦，便使它失去了那些视野更宽广的见解，佛法有赖于后者才得以保持完整的广度与深度。
As far as natural person is concerned , the result and external expression of damage of mental benefit are comprised in property loss ( directly and indirectly ) , physical suffering , mental suffering , obstacle to mentality and other non - property loss 在受侵害主体为自然人的前提下，精神利益损害的结果和外在表现包括精神利益损害所引起的财产损失(包括直接财产损失和间接财产损失) 、肉体痛苦、精神痛苦、精神障碍和其他非财产损失。
Non - economical damages means damages paid to an individual for pain and suffering , inconvenience , emotional distress , mental anguish , loss of consortium , injury to reputation , humiliation , and other nonpeculiary losses ; punitive damages are additional money awards authorized when an injury is caused by gross carelessness or disregard for the safety of others 非经济损害赔偿是指对患方所受的痛苦、不方便、情绪折磨、精神痛苦、安慰的丧失、羞辱以及其他非金钱上的损失所提供的赔偿.惩罚损害赔偿是当损害由于产重过错或者由于对他人安全的漠视引起的时候要求加害方支付的罚款，一般作为对受害方的额外补偿
This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life , damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead , which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first , under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death , the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death , in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second , under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health , the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation , which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third , since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits , is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation 本文重点探讨的就是公民生命权受到侵害、健康权受到侵害、 “死者人格”受到侵害这三种情形下的受害人近亲属的精神损害赔偿请求权问题。探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害“死者人格”的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?无须举证的“名义上的精神损害” ，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。最后，本文认为，加强对受害人近亲属的权利和利益保护问题的研究，既有一定的必要性，同时又具有十分重要的现实意义。
Physical suffering includes : ( 1 ) sense of pain what belongs to injury when body suffers hurtful stimulus , and continuous pain what does n ' t belong to injury . ( 2 ) a series of biological reaction of organism ( which can be seen as external reflection of mental suffering ) caused by too much pressure that breaks psychological balance 其中肉体痛苦包括( 1 )在身体直接遭受伤害性刺激当时产生的痛觉反应(不属于损害范畴)和因机体遭受伤害性刺激后受损害而持续存在的痛楚(属于损害范畴) ; ( 2 )由于自然人心理平衡黔丁破、压力过大致使人体长时间处于应激状态而引发机体一系列的生物性反应(可看作是精神痛苦剧烈程度的外在反映) 。
Correspond to three different states of moods , there are three different kind of mental suffering : ( 1 ) frightening mental suffering , compensating for it ought to consider the comfortable effect on the one frightened and his feeling at the moment so most of the factors considered to determine compensation are factors influencing aggrieved party ' s subjective feeling . ( 2 ) ruled mental suffering , that is wave in mood and loss of psychological balance because of disturbed social life style ruled by law 但为避免给人以“精神不值钱， ，的错觉，避免在侵权后果较轻、当事人不选择诉讼的情况下使用有限的司法资源来确定小额赔偿的不经济行为，笔者认为，精神损害赔偿适用于叉妇曼害人格权、身份权、特定纪念物的财产权，使受害人精神利益受损害造成超出社会可容忍程度的精神痛苦和精神障碍的场合。
