After lengthways analysis of industrial structure change of henan province during 1987 - 1997 , 1 think there are four problems should be concerned : the stagnation of investment proportion of the first industrial has directly influenced the enhancement of equipment level of agricultural technology and technical content of agricultural products 通过对1987 1997年河南省产业结构变化的纵向分析，我们认为有以下问题值得重视： 1第一产业的投资比重在很长一段时期内徘徊不前，直接影响了农业技术装备水平和农产品技术含量的提高。
In the analysis , longitudinal analysis is the employment direction of the graduates specialized in pedagogy during the last 16 years in the college of education in henan university . crosswise analysis is done through the employment direction of the graduates of grade 2002 of a few institutions in the whole country . the author endeavors to seek the rules and diversifications from the comparison of them 在毕业生去向分析中，纵向分析了河南大学教育科学学院的16届教育学专业毕业生的就业去向，横向分析了全国部分高校的2002届该专业毕业生的就业去向，力求从纵横比较中寻找规律和变化。
Abstract : based on adequate exemplification , this paper analyses and illustrates the stylistic features of correspondence english for foreign trade in terms of lexical , grammatical and rhetoric dimensions , and studies the historical aspects for the formation of some of the existing features , aiming at furnishing the teaching staff and students of this subject as well as those engaged in the practical correspondence with some fresh ideas 文摘:通过大量的实例,着重从词汇、语法、修辞等方面对外贸英语函电的文体特征进行了分析说明,并对某些文体特征的形成原因进行纵向分析,旨在对外贸函电课程的"教"与"学"及实际运用提供帮助
It is indicated by both domestic and overseas relevant researches that the rational allocation of science and technology resources can directly affect the development speed and level of scientific and technological progress , and the extent of integration between technology and economy . the progress of science and technology will play an important role in economic development . in the thesis , the author elaborates the science and technology resource allocation system using three levels , which is micro - level , meso - level and macro - level 论文针对科技资源配置的相关理论,在对国内外现有研究成果分析与评述的基础上,深入研究中观层次的区域科技资源的配置理论,构建了区域科技资源优化配置的评价指标体系和基于数据包络分析(简称dea )方法的横向和纵向分析评价模型,对东北老工业基地科技资源配置的现状进行了系统的分析和评价,从而找出东北老工业基地科技资源配置存在的若干问题,提出东北老工业基地科技资源优化配置的对策建议。
This dissertation explains the meaning of policy supporting system , summarizes the indispensability of policy supporting to sme and the relation between government policy and sme development . it generalizes the function of sme in europe and american , takes laterally comparative analysis to sme developing measures of every country and longitudinally comparative analysis . at the same time , it combines current developing situation and problems of our country , summarizes the gain and loss of macro - policy system for sme and constructs the scientific macro - policy system of our country 本文阐述了政府政策支持的含义，全面总结了政府对中小企业政策支持的必要性以及政府政策与中小企业发展的关系；对欧、美主要国家中小企业的作用、各国政府所采取的中小企业发展政策及形成过程进行了横向比较研究和纵向分析；结合我国中小企业的发展现状、面临的问题以及政策体系的得失，构建出新形势下我国中小企业发展的科学和完善的宏观政策体系。
The concept of the independence of running higher education institutions is expounded by analyzing its cause in china lengthways . the interrelation between " university autonomy " , " releasing of power " and " the independence of running higher education institutions " is probed into by comparing the similarities and differences between the independence of running higher education institutions in china and " university autonomy " abroad crosswise 本部分通过纵向分析，即我国高校办学自主权问题的产生及横向对比，即我国高校办学自主权问题与国外“大学自治”的异同，从两个纬度展开了对我国高校办学自主权概念的分析，并从中探讨了“大学自治” 、 “放权”及“高校办学自主权”三者之间的相互联系。
On the foundation of abundantly positive data , the study analyzes the scale and structure of military expenditure in our country , lucubrates the developing trends of world military expenditure structure , dissects the actuality and existent problems of our military expenditure structure and gets the conclusion : our military expenditure structure lose the balance and restrict the scale benefit of our military7 expenditure and the optimal output of troops combat effectiveness 本文依据大量的实证资料对我国军费规模和结构进行纵向分析及横向比较，深入研究了世界军费结构发展趋势，剖析了我国军费结构现状及存在问题，得出结论：我国军费结构失衡，并制约着军费规模效益的发挥和军队战斗力的最大产出。
The thesis adopts methods such as theoretical analysis combined with empirical research , vertical analysis combined with horizontal comparison , and qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis to make research on occupational pension tax policy from microcosmic and macroscopic angles . based on discussing the necessity , status quo and significance of preferential tax policy on occupational pension and comparing this tax policy with that of other countries , the thesis discusses in detail the choice of preferential occupational pension tax mode and its economic effects , and proposes a comprehensive conception of the establishment of occupational pension tax system in china 本论文采用理论分析与实证研究相结合、纵向分析与横向比较相结合、定性分析与定量研究相结合的研究方法从微观、宏观两方面分析了企业年金税收政策问题,在论述企业年金实行税惠政策的必要性、现状、意义,并分析比较各国企业年金税收政策的基础上,对我国企业年金税收政策的模式选择、经济效应等方面进行详尽的阐述,提出了构建我国企业年金税收政策体系的整体构思。
The author makes use of the combination of theory and practice , historical longitudinal analysis and the same trade transverse analysis , international and domestic comparison analysis , quantitative and qualitative analysis , in order to achieve two objective : on the one hand , summing up some international and domestic capital operation theories to study wuling group capital operation , on the other hand , combining its actual situation to discuss the theory which probably fits wuling group capital operation 本文采用理论分析与实证研究相结合、历史的纵向分析与同行的横向分析相结合、国际与国内的比较分析相结合、定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法，以达到两方面目的：一方面总结归纳国内外的一些资本营运理论，研究分析五菱集团资本营运；另一方面结合其具体情况，探讨可能符合五菱集团资本营运的理论。
