The design of optic transmitting system and its work principle is reported . the method of expanding , focusing and collimating the beam of light and its effect for laser marking is discussed 介绍了光路传输系统的设计方案及其工作原理，讨论了光束的扩束、准直及聚焦的实现方法和其对打标效果的影响。
In order to fully understand the physical mechanism governing the small - scale self - focusing and extract a guide line to the optimization of drivers , in this work , we discuss some problems about it 为了弄清小尺度自聚焦的物理机制，以便于指导我们更加优化地设计驱动器，本文对这一问题进行了相应的探讨。
The multi - element linear transducer array consists of 320 elements . by phase - controlled method , 64 signals , one of which gathered by 11 - group element , make up of an image 多元线性阵列探测器由320个振元组成，采用相控聚焦的方法成像，每次由11个振群的探测器接受信号并合并1路，一幅图像由64路这样的信号组成。
Using gradient of digital image as criterion of focusing , different image grabbed on different lens position is compared , and lens motor is droved to the optimal position according to result of comparison 该方法利用图像的梯度和作为镜头聚焦的判据，对图像质量进行分析比较，根据比较结果驱动镜头运动直至最佳聚焦点。
The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by real data . presented is a solution of pga algorithm for stripmap sar autofocusing via data conversion . its validity is proved by the processing results of real data 在数据转换的基础上，给出一种pga用于条带模式sar图像自聚焦的方法，实测数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。
Back then , chip designers considered it risky to add two or three layers of metal on top of the silicon wafer because each new layer added hills and valleys that made it difficult to keep photolithographic patterns in focus 当时的晶片设计者认为在矽晶圆上加上两三层金属有点冒险，会使晶圆表面凹凸不平，增加光刻过程中聚焦的困难。
Methods : in the present experiment , acid dehydroxy amino acid analysis and isoelectric focusing in polyacylamide gels were used and the amino acid composition and isoelectric point of porcine platelet - derived growth factor were studied 方法：用酸水解及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦的方法测定猪血小板衍生生长因子的氨基酸含量、组成成分和等电点。
In most recent studies , researchers have analyzed aluminum - rich minerals such as anorthite and hibonite using an ion microprobe , which bombards a sample with a focused ion beam to release secondary ions from the sample ' s surface 在最新的研究中，科学家使用离子微探针来分析钙长石、黑铝钛钙石等富含铝的矿物，以聚焦的离子束撞击样本，使样本表面释出次级离子。
2 . according to the huygens - fresnel principle , we have derived the propagation expressions of the partially coherent beams passing through dual - focus optical systems and investigated the phenomenon of focal switches of the partially coherent 2 .从惠更斯-菲涅耳原理出发,推导了部分相干光束通过双焦聚焦透镜系统的传输公式,研究了部分相干光束聚焦的焦开关现象。
