The clinical comparision of introperative biliary visualization and biliary endoscopy in the operation of hepatolithiasis 术中胆道造影与术中胆道镜在肝外胆管结石手术中的临床应用比较
Among biliary diseases , the most common cause was cholecystolithiasis , while bile duct stole and cholecystitis being the next 胆道系统疾病中以胆囊结石最为多见,其次为胆管结石和胆囊炎。
Results of 30 cases studied , pylethrombosis was found in 1 case , hepatocellular carcinoma in 1 case , fistula in 2 cases , stenosis in 18 cases and stone in 2 cases 结果超声诊断肝癌1例，门静脉栓塞1例，胆漏2例，胆管结石2例， 18例胆道狭窄伴胆泥形成。
Stone of the bile duct outside liver exceeds acoustic image in b stronger echo light shows to the group accompanies phonic photograph and can change along with the posture on the graph 肝外胆管结石在b超声像图上显示较强回声光团伴有声影并可随体位而变动。
The procedure maybe considered as the first choice in patients with this kind of disease and selecting single session surgery other than ercp + lc 结论对于胆囊结石合并继发性肝外胆管结石的病例，在采用腹腔镜下1次手术的方式治疗时，应首先考虑经胆囊管途径，以争取更小创伤以便更快地恢复。
Conclusions the key of the surgical treatment of the intrahepatic calculus include incision and exposure of the stricture of the intrahepatic bile duct , removing the stone and reconstructing bile drainage 结论复杂肝内胆管结石外科治疗的关键是显露和切开肝内各叶段胆管的狭窄段，取出结石、建立通畅的胆流通道。
Methods between 1992 and 1998 , 35 patients were admitted for complex intrahepatic biliary calculi . patients undergone biliary lithotomy by multiple incision made on the bile duct strictures disseminating on different hepatic lobes and segments , hence the exposure of the strictured duct and the bile ductplasty after the cholangiotomy was the major challenge 方法总结分析1992 - 1998年外科治疗复杂性肝内多段胆管结石并多处胆管狭窄35例的手术方法，总结显露与切开肝内狭窄段胆管、取出结石、解除狭窄的经验和体会。
We can carry out surgical operations by combining the operation instrument with all kinds of endoscopes , such as alimentary cancer , stopping proliferation of tumour , getting through esophagus , resections of esophagus carcinoma and so on , avoiding cutting open trachea cavity and the curative effect will be prominent 其他独特的用途，如食道癌晚期打开通道，击碎膀胱结石，胆管结石等。同时也可用于普通外科口腔耳鼻喉科神经外科泌尿科妇科整形外科皮肤科等各医疗学科，进行临床手术和医学研究。
