The results indicate that the qualitative behavior in this process is similar to that observed in condensation of vapor at or above atmosphere pressure , the coefficient of heat transfer for condensation in tube , the coefficient of heat transfer in total increase with the increasing of heat flux density and vapor pressure . however , heat flux density and vapor pressure have a more significant effect on them 发现水平管内低压蒸汽冷凝过程与常压条件下蒸汽冷凝过程相同，管内冷凝传热膜系数、总传热系数随热流密度、蒸汽压力的增大而增大，但热流密度、蒸汽压力对低压蒸汽冷凝有着更为显著的影响，管外冷却水流量对其影响并不明显。
There will be a hot water layer in the water of cmt when vapour spews to uppercooling water surface vertically and coagulates directly . the higher of the vapour pressure of prz and the initial water temperature of cmt are , the deeper the hot water layer is . and obtaining the experience formula of the hot water layer is as follows : the condensation coefficient is high when vapour coagulate at first , then it will lessen with the process of coagulation , the higher of the vapour pressure of prz and the initial water temperature of cmt are , the higher of condensation coefficient is 蒸汽垂直喷入过冷水表面凝结时， cmt中水有明显热分层现象， prz中饱和蒸汽压力越高， cmt中水初始温度越高，热分层厚度越大，热分层厚度的经验关联式为：凝结刚开始时，凝结换热系数非常大， ，随着凝结的进行，凝结换热系数越来越小， prz中饱和蒸汽压力越高， cmt中水初始温度越高，凝结换热系数越大。
The condensation heat - exchange characteristic of a separate - type heat - pipe was studied on a 1 : 1 model . the heat pipe is heated by electricity , and working fluid is distilled water , and it is cooled by air . the experimental results show that , ( 1 ) when charging liquid ratio is 45 % , condensation heat - exchange coefficient reaches to maxium ; ( 2 ) when there is not non - condensing gas , the coeffcient decreases a little with the increase of vapour pressure , and it decreases by 9 . 5 % when the pressure increases from 0 . 16mpa to 0 . 36mpa ; ( 3 ) when there is non - condensing gas , the coefficient decreases a little , but when the gas is discharged by an exhaust value , it can be improved , when the volume content of the gas is 2 . 5 % , it can increased by 22 % ; ( 4 ) the effect of the non - condensing gas on the coefficient decreases with the increase of the pressure , and when the volume content of the gas is 5 % and the pressure increases from 0 . 16mpa to 0 . 36mpa , the coefficient increases by 6 % . the relative curves are given between condensation heat - exchange coefficient and air flowrate , charging liquid ratio and vapour pressure 建立了空气冷却实验台，热管的加热方式为电加热，工质为蒸馏水.在1 1模型上对分离式热管管内凝结换热特性、不凝性气体对凝结换热的影响及不凝性气体的扩散规律进行了试验，得出分离式热管有一最佳充液率，其值为45 %左右；凝结换热系数随着蒸汽压力的增加略有降低，在实验的压力范围内，降低了9 . 5 % ；不凝性气体对分离式热管的凝结换热仅影响冷凝段下部较小部分，通过排气阀排出不凝性气体可有效地改善冷凝段下部的凝结换热；随着压力的增加，不凝性气体对分离式热管冷凝段的影响减少.这些结论可用于分离式热管换热器的工程设计和控制
Abstract : the condensation heat - exchange characteristic of a separate - type heat - pipe was studied on a 1 : 1 model . the heat pipe is heated by electricity , and working fluid is distilled water , and it is cooled by air . the experimental results show that , ( 1 ) when charging liquid ratio is 45 % , condensation heat - exchange coefficient reaches to maxium ; ( 2 ) when there is not non - condensing gas , the coeffcient decreases a little with the increase of vapour pressure , and it decreases by 9 . 5 % when the pressure increases from 0 . 16mpa to 0 . 36mpa ; ( 3 ) when there is non - condensing gas , the coefficient decreases a little , but when the gas is discharged by an exhaust value , it can be improved , when the volume content of the gas is 2 . 5 % , it can increased by 22 % ; ( 4 ) the effect of the non - condensing gas on the coefficient decreases with the increase of the pressure , and when the volume content of the gas is 5 % and the pressure increases from 0 . 16mpa to 0 . 36mpa , the coefficient increases by 6 % . the relative curves are given between condensation heat - exchange coefficient and air flowrate , charging liquid ratio and vapour pressure 文摘:建立了空气冷却实验台，热管的加热方式为电加热，工质为蒸馏水.在1 1模型上对分离式热管管内凝结换热特性、不凝性气体对凝结换热的影响及不凝性气体的扩散规律进行了试验，得出分离式热管有一最佳充液率，其值为45 %左右；凝结换热系数随着蒸汽压力的增加略有降低，在实验的压力范围内，降低了9 . 5 % ；不凝性气体对分离式热管的凝结换热仅影响冷凝段下部较小部分，通过排气阀排出不凝性气体可有效地改善冷凝段下部的凝结换热；随着压力的增加，不凝性气体对分离式热管冷凝段的影响减少.这些结论可用于分离式热管换热器的工程设计和控制
The interactions between heat flux density , vapor pressure , vapor velocity and the coefficient of heat transfer for condensation in tube , the coefficient of heat transfer in total are investigated . the relationships between heat flux density and the total difference in temperature , the difference of temperature , pressure drop of vapor from the entrance of the tube to the exit are investigated as well 考察了冷却水流量、温度恒定条件下热流密度、蒸汽压力、蒸汽流速对冷凝传热膜系数及总传热系数的影响关系，同时考察了总传热温差、蒸汽进出口温差及压差随热流密度变化的关系。
In order to complete the research on optimal control regular for coal - fired boiler inflammation system . in this paper , a type of coal - fired boiler inflammation system is regarded as the research target , after separately analyzed steam pressure loop and economical inflammation loop , we obtained the relevant control scheme , and designed a kind of fuzzy - pi compound controller on based of genetic algorithm to control two loops , and using genetic algorithm tool kit below the matlab progressed system simulation research 为了完成对燃煤锅炉燃烧系统的最优控制规律的研究，本文以某型燃煤锅炉的燃烧系统作为研究对象，分别对其蒸汽压力回路和经济燃烧回路进行系统分析，得到了相应的控制方案，设计了一种基于遗传算法的模糊- pi复合控制器对该系统进行控制，并用matlab下的遗传算法工具箱进行了系统仿真研究。
With the combination of automatic control theory and practical thermal process automation object in the power station , three main fields including nonlinear calibration of thermal instrument , new control strategies of main steam pressure and advanced control strategies of main steam temperature are studied in detail in this paper 本文将自动控制理论和火电厂热工自动化的具体对象相结合，进行了3个方面的研究工作：热工仪表非线性校正、主蒸汽压力的新型调节策略、主蒸汽温度的先进控制策略。
This article emphatically discussed and analyzed following points : load command feed forward function can improve the rapid respond character of steam turbine generator ; lead of load command have advance control function on boiler main control and can highly improve the stability of main steam pressure ; the use of predict control and state space variable function can improve the quality of boiler steam temperature control effectively , control the steam temperature in the defined range and increase the boiler and turbine life and efficiency even if working state changed in a big range ; linear compensation can restrain the vibration of generator load in the condition of big loa d change 本文重点讨论、分析提出负荷指令前馈作用可以提高汽轮发电机快速响应特性；负荷指令的导前功能对锅炉主控有超前控制作用，能显著提高主蒸汽压力的稳定性；采用预测及状态空间法能有效改进锅炉蒸汽温度控制品质，在大幅度工况变化下仍有效控制蒸汽温度在额定范围内，提高锅炉、汽轮机寿命及其效率；汽轮发电机组的快速响应性与汽轮发电机组负荷振荡问题间的平衡关系，采用线性补偿可以有效抑制在负荷变化梯度较大情况下发电机负荷振荡问题。
Based on the furnace chamber flame monitoring system , this paper designed and analyzed a combustion control system with the main steam pressure as the primary adjusting parameter and the total radiant energy of the furnace chamber as the subsidiary parameter , and compared the advantages of the system with emulation research and the experimental test 在炉膛火焰监测系统的基础上，设计分析了以主蒸汽压力为主调、以炉膛总辐射能为副调参数的燃烧控制系统，并通过仿真研究和试验验证，比较了该方法的优越性。
But he did not look at them , and thought of something else . only now pierre grasped all the force of vitality in man , and the saving power innate in man , of transferring his attention , like the safety - valve in steam - engines , that lets off the superfluous steam so soon as its pressure exceeds a certain point 皮埃尔现在才懂得：一个人所具有的全部生命力，以及人本身固有的可以把注意力由一件事转向另一件事，使自己脱出困境的潜在力量，它就像是蒸汽锅炉上的安全阀门，在蒸汽压力超过了一定限度的时候，它就会自动把多余的蒸汽释放出去。
