表皮的

• In aerial parts of the plant the outer wall of the epidermis is usually covered by a waxy cuticle that prevents desiccation , protects the underlying cells from mechanical damage , and increases protection against fungi , bacteria , etc
  植物地上部分的表皮的最外层通常覆盖一层蜡质角质层，起保护作用以防止过渡蒸腾，并使下方的细胞免于机械损伤，同时增加对真菌、细菌等的防御能力。
• With colourless nail polish , study on the stomatic distribution of outer epidermis in the young stem , aged stem and aged leaf sheath , and adaxial and abxial leaf epidermis of young and aged leaves in s . purpurea , z . pendula and c . communis was conducted
  用无色指甲油印痕法对鸭跖草科的紫竹梅、吊竹梅和鸭跖草的幼茎、成熟茎、成熟叶鞘的外表皮和幼叶、成熟叶和上、下表皮的气孔分布进行观察。
• With colourless nail polish , study on the stomatic distribution of outer epidermis in the young stem , aged stem and aged leaf sheath , and adaxial and abxial leaf epidermis of young and aged leaves in s . purpurea , z . pendula and c communis was conducted
  摘要用无色指甲油印痕法对鸭?草科的紫竹梅、吊竹梅和鸭?草的幼茎、成熟茎、成熟叶鞘的外表皮和幼叶、成熟叶和上、下表皮的气孔分布进行观察。
• Secondly , the observation of the arabidopsis thaliana seeds which were irradiated by the ion beam through the sem found that with the increase of the ion beam dose , the ion beam mechanical erosion degree of the seeds was deep . and there are many holes and gaps in the surface of the seeds in dose
  通过扫描电镜对离子注入后的拟南芥种子的观察发现，经离子注入过的种子种皮有明显的孔洞和裂痕，并且注入离子对干种子表皮的作用程度随剂量的增大而加深。
• Based on the reseaching of lycoris leaf micro - morphology characters by sem scanning , light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article , we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the lycoris . we find these microscope characers through reseach are as follows : the arrangement type , density and the length of stoma ; the shape and length of the epidermal cells ; the ridge of epidermis ; the transverse shape of leaf ; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf ; the type of ventilating cavity etc . these characters are different from those of species in lycoris , meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in lycoris . so these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of lycoris ; we can divide lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes : the species of one subgenus are l . aurea ( l " her . ) herb , , chinensis traub , l . caldweuii traub , l . anhuiensis y . hsu et q . j . fan , l . longituba y . hsu et q . j . fan ; the species of another subgenu s are l . houdyshelii traub , l . albiflora koidz . ,
  研究结果表明：叶表皮的气孔排列方式、长度、长宽比，脊的明显与否，叶表皮上的颗粒纹饰的多少、大小，叶表皮细胞长度、长宽比、垂周壁形状，上部叶栅栏组织细胞层数、叶的维管束数、叶中脉导管组成数目，气腔类型，叶的脊部远轴面的角数，叶缘的形状等这些特征在种间存在差异，同时，在有些种之间又有相似性；因此，这些特征既可以作为区分种的证据，又是研究石蒜属植物系统演化的性状指标，根据这些性状指标，可以将石蒜属植物大致分为两个亚属：一是忽地笑、中国石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、长筒石蒜，二是江苏石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在两个亚属中其中有些种如忽地笑、长筒石蒜、中国石蒜的亲缘关系则更近些。
• ( 2 ) the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of 16 species were studied . the results show that the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis have not obvious differences among sections except sect . amana , but there are some differences between species , and indicate that the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis have some value for the interspecific classification
  （ 2 ）对国产4组16种郁金香植物叶上下表皮的形态学观察，发现叶表皮形态在种间均存在一定程度的差异，但在组间，除了有苞组的4个种与其它种类有明显差异外，其余3组间没有明显的差异，表明郁金香属植物的叶表皮特征在种级水平上具有一定的分类学意义，可以作为种的划分及种间亲缘关系探讨的参考指标之一。
• The thesis try to achieve two aims : the definition and extension of " skin " conception ; and introducing the " skin " conception into whole architecture realm and relating it with other relative conceptions to seek the possibility of reconsidering the architecture on the basis of " skin " conception : the consideration of " skin " is actually the consideration of basic architectural relations . " skin " is related with all levels of basic architecture problems such as space , construction and environment ; and it may be a bridge to cope with the relations between building and environment , between man and space , and between construction and form
  笔者试图通过本文实现两个目的? ?表皮的概念的澄清和扩展；将表皮放入整个建筑学领域，与其他相关概念进行联系，探讨从表皮的角度重新思考建筑学的可能：对于表皮的思考实际上是对于建筑基本关系的思考? ?表皮的概念贯穿建筑基本问题“空间、建造、环境”的各个层面，可以成为处理“房屋与环境、人与空间、建造与形式”这一组基本关系的桥梁。
• More anthraquinone compounds was distributed in pith ray cells and the tissues of mature stem suchas bundle sheaths in large - scale vascular bundle , primary phloem and primary xylem than that in young stem . [ conclusion ] the distribution of anthraquinone compounds in the stem was of multilocus
  结果随着茎的不断成熟，在茎的表皮、近表皮的1 ~ 2层皮层细胞及较内部皮层中，不同程度地增加贮藏和积累了一定数量的蒽醌类化合物，成为茎外部贮藏和积累蒽醌共化合物的主要结构部位成热茎大型维管束的维管束鞘、初生韧皮部、初生木质部等组织和髓射线细胞分布了比幼茎多的蒽醌类化合物。