External defects : undercut , overip , arc pit , gas cavity in surface , crack in surface 外部缺陷：咬边、焊瘤、弧坑、表面气孔、表面裂纹。
Stress intensity factors of surface cracks in a box structure by sub - modeling technology of finite element 有限元子模型法计算箱形结构表面裂纹应力强度因子
The analysis of dynamic stress intensity factor for semi - circular surface crack using time - domain bem formulation 用时域边界元法分析半圆表面裂纹的动态应力强度因子
Finite element method to tracing the fatigue growth of surface crack of out - corner of cylindrical pressure vessel nozzles 圆筒型容器接管外拐角表面裂纹疲劳扩展的有限元跟踪
Numerical simulation of surface crack propagation considering the crack closure effects and the three - dimensional stress constraints 考虑闭合效应和三维应力约束的表面裂纹扩展模拟
Experiment showed that the testing system was fit for detecting the surface and near surface defects of steel pipe 钢管裂纹的检测试验表明，该系统能很好地实现钢管表面和近表面裂纹的检测。
The vickers hardness decreases monotonously from ~ 20gpa ( ai2o3 ) to ~ 14gpa ( 19vol . % ni - fe / al2o3 ) with increasing ni - fe content 并结合表面裂纹扩展和断口形貌，讨论了材料增强增韧的机理。
N . shlyannikov , z . b . kuang , f . p . yang ( 2004 ) , surface fatigue crack growth behavior , russian journal power engineering problems 杨凤鹏，林卓英( 2004 ) ，表面裂纹疲劳扩展的试验，北京科技大学学报
In addition to normal ndt methods , some advanced techniques such as x - ray real - time imaging and eddy current inspection are also introduced 采用的方法除常规的无损检测方法外，还包括x射线实时成像检测和电磁涡流表面裂纹检测等方法。
Morphological wavelet , which combines the advantages of wavelet decomposition with mathematical morphology , was introduced to decompose the defect image and detect catastrophe signals 提出了将形态小波变换应用于中厚板表面裂纹缺陷检测的方法。
