The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development , pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good " . without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere , the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities " , as a result , the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back . rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers . be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital , the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital , the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital , creditor ' s right capital , subcidy , at the same time , some other means , such as government purchase , credit guarantee , capital insurance , tax expenditure can promte private capital , is also important . in this part , the function of the above means , the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed . because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy , r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital , at last , a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital 这部分论述从科技研发成果的“外溢性”入手，指出科技研发成果在不同程度上具有“公共品”性质，这种外溢性使得在纯市场条件下，私人部门研发活动强度达不到社会资源配置最优的要求，也使风险投资项目来源不足， < wp = 6 >阻碍风险投资的发展。合理的政府财政支出政策可以使“外溢性”内部化。之后，论述了风险投资资本来源与政府财政支出政策的关系，由于风险投资尤其是其初期的高风险性，民间风险资本不足，应由政府以股权及债权投资、补助等财政直接支出方式弥补资本缺口，运用政府采购、财政担保、保险、贴息、税收优惠等间接支出方式，鼓励民间资本进入风险投资领域也同样重要。
The second section deals with the legal affairs involved in education debiting , which mainly centers the large - volume loaning rights , loan types , loan venture avoiding and loan interest rate involved in education organization debiting and debit interest rate , venture avoiding and government allowance involved in personal educational debiting 第二章是教育贷款的法律研究，主要针对教育机构贷款中的巨额借款权、贷款种类、贷款风险防范和贷款利率等，个人教育贷款中的贷款利率、风险防范、政府贴息等问题从法律的角度进行探讨。
Moreover , a certain amount will be appropriated from the three funds every year to supply special loans and working capital credit for science and technology projects at a discount interest rate in that year . any company registered in shenzhen as an independent legal entity may apply for the special loan , while hi - tech companies and companies with hi - tech projects may apply for working capital credit 每年从三项费用中划出一定数额对当年的科技专项贷款和流动资金贷款予以贴息，凡在深圳注册并具独立法人资格的企业均可申请专项贷款，高新技术企业及项目可申请流动资金贷款。
Therefore many provinces , cities and regions have worked out some policies and rules with the approaches of tax exemption and reduction , financial appropriate funds , financial interest deduction , venture compensation etc . to promote development of local venture capital industry , with the development of hubei ' s hi - tech industry , the venture capital industry has been fast developed 因此，很多省市、地区制订了促进本地风险投资发展的一些政策、规定，从税收减免、财政拨款、财政贴息、风险补偿金等方面来促进风险投资业的发展。随着我省高新技术产业的发展，风险投资业也得到了较快的发展。
On basis of the above , author in allusion the to the interest subsidy loan policy influence on bank behavior , points out the way in which agriculture bank participate in help - poverty credit loan lies in transferring the government endeavor improving the circumstance in which the poor enter finance market to acceptable economic mode for market economy 以此为基础，具体针对贴息贷款政策对银行行为的影响，指出农业银行参与信贷扶贫的基本出路在于将政府为改善穷人进入金融市场的努力内化为市场经济可接受的经济方式。
Third , the state provides concessional loans for special aid items at discounted interest , and formulates preferential policies , centering on helping the poverty - stricken areas and peasant households develop market - oriented crop cultivation , aquiculture and poultry raising and corresponding processing industries , so as to increase production and incomes 第三，国家安排优惠的扶贫专项贴息贷款，制定相关优惠政策，重点帮助贫困地区、贫困农户发展以市场为导向的种植业、养殖业以及相应的加工业项目，促进增产增收。
