Based on internal and external experience of making markov decision of pms , this paper gives the correlative markov decision theories . then along these theories , this paper makes efforts in how to make the markov decision model of network level pms . this paper involves : classifying of pavement state and typical measures , transfer probability , cost model and markov decision model 本文在结合国内外建立路面管理系统markov决策经验的基础上，论述了markov决策的相关理论，然后紧密围绕这些理论，详细探讨了网级路面管理系统markov决策的过程和方法，包括以下几个方面：路面状态的划分、典型养护措施的确定、转移概率的建立、费用模型和效益模型，最后提出几种求解方法。
Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental researches , it is presented that the wider spectra are resulted from the many fluorophores with large numbers of vibrational energy levels on the ground level in the blood cells , and the reduction of the spectral intensity is due to the reabsorption of the blood cells and the energy transfer of the collisions between the fluorophore and another one or other macromolecule . on the other hand , when the concentration of the blood cells is increased , the reabsorption of the blood cells , the secondary fluorescence due to the reabsorption and the influence of the concentration on the energy levels of fluorophores are all the factors of the red - shifted spectral peaks 在进行理论分析和研究的基础上，提出了因血细胞中存在多种荧光团，且这些荧光团的电子能级上又存在大量的不同的振动能级，从而导致被激发的荧光团发出较宽的荧光光谱；血细胞浓度的增大，荧光团以及其他大分子之间的距离变小，造成它们之间因碰撞的能量转移概率加大，因而易产生荧光猝灭，结果导致荧光强度的变小；血细胞溶液中重吸收所导致的荧光猝灭和二次荧光发射，以及血细胞浓度的变化对其中荧光团能级系统的影响都是导致荧光峰值波长“红移”的原因；进而研究了led光诱导血细胞产生荧光光谱的机理。
For the difficulty of getting transition probability matrixes in various directions in markov chain models , the paper presents a method to figure out it , which makes getting transition probability matrixes of different neighborhood systems of markov chain models easier and more feasible 摘要针对在油气储层随机模拟中马尔可夫链模型的不同方向的转移概率矩阵求取困难的问题，提出一种二维剖面中不同方向的转移概率矩阵求取方法，这种方法的提出使得不同阶次的各向同性和各向异性的邻域系统的转移概率矩阵的求取变得容易可行。
In order to adapt the maintenance activities well , this paper makes some ameliorations , as follows : ( 1 ) it is considered not so pertinent in this paper to take road user cost into account of total cost , and an advice of using pavement serviceability performance for benefit is given . ( 2 ) when evaluating the average of the road network serviceability , this paper put forward to using weighed geometric mean to calculate pqi . ( 3 ) bringing in a new idea of checking the reasonability of classifying pavement state and typical measure by transfer probability 为尽可能使其反映实际的养护规律，本文在前人研究的基础上，提出以下改进： ( 1 )在建立费用模型时，认为在我国现阶段，考虑用户费用有不妥之处，提出以路面使用性能作为用户费用的映象，以路面使用性能作为效益的评价指标； ( 2 )在评价路网平均服务水平时，提出用加权几何平均值来计算路面使用性能综合评价指标pqi ； ( 3 )提出了利用转移概率检查状态的划分和典型措施的合理性的新思想； ( 4 )在求解markov决策模型时，通常使用的方法是线性规划法，本文阐述了另外两种求解的方法：策略迭代法和整数规划法。
2 ) within one community , male labor with more than two family labors , higher education level and techniques , and with the age within 20 - 50 has higher possibil ity of transferring ; on the other hand , rural labor with bigger age , lower education level and techniques , and female group have lower possibility of transferring . according to above analysis , it is suggested in this article in terms of improving rural labor transferring ( 2 )同一社区内部，以具备2个以上劳动力家庭的，拥有相对较高的文化素质与技能的年龄在20 - 50岁之间的男性青壮年劳动力的转移概率为高；反之，文化素质低下，没有技能，年龄较大的农村劳动力及女性劳动力群体的转移可能性较低。
In this paper , on the basis of previous research works , the ivth system model is studied , and results are compared with the ii th one , and we get expressions for the transfer probability of the customers pij , the mean number of customers in the steady state m , and the mean detained time of the customers in the system w . so far , the theory foundation of the contention - collision elimination access mode has been established for its application 其中竞争?冲突淘汰存取方式类、类、类、类系统模型的数学建模已经完成。本文就类系统模型进行了数学建模，提出了顾客转移概率p _ ij 、平稳状态下系统平均队长( ? ) 、顾客平均等待时间w等的算式。
Then , according to the fact that the series - parallel systems and parallel - series systems made up of many components have complicated state space and transfer - probability matrix , some new concepts are introduced . on the basis of these concepts , the author classifies the complicated state space well - organized , describes the structure of the state space and gets the quantity relation of each state . thus , a ration description for compound system state - transferring diagram is obtained which greatly reduces the analyses and operation complexity 文中在总结了分析这些系统可靠性的基本理论和方法后，针对由多个部件组成的一般串-并联系统和并-串联系统具有复杂的状态空间和转移概率矩阵这一现实，引入了一些新的概念，并依据这些概念对复杂的状态空间进行了有层次的分类，刻画了状态空间的结构，给出了各类状态之间的数量关系。
At the same time , to the discussed systems , the author studies the element classification and the structure relation of systems " transfer - probability matrix under the circumstance of a repairable equipment . especially , the author brings forward a method - matrix growing to describe the change of transfer - probability matrix and gets the change law of transfer - probability matrix when some components of a system have changed 同时，针对所讨论的系统，在一个修理设备的情况下，研究了系统转移概率矩阵的元素分类和矩阵的结构关系；特别是引入生长矩阵的概念描述转移概率矩阵的变化，并给出了当系统的某些组成部分发生改变时，系统转移概率矩阵的变化规律。
In chapter four this paper proposes a kind of imm algorithm which uses many kinds of models and does some simulations ; a kind of imm algorithm based on time - varying markov transition probabilities matrix is introduced and simulated ; based on the two algorithms above , a new modified imm algorithm which merges many kinds of models and time - varying 在第四章中本文提出了一种使用多种机动运动模型交互的imm算法并作了仿真;介绍了一种基于时变马尔可夫转移概率矩阵的imm算法并作了仿真;在此基础上提出了一种改进的imm算法,算法结合使用多种运动模型及时变马尔可夫转移概率矩阵,仿真结果表明其获得了对高速高机动目标较好的跟踪性能。
This dissertation introduces the characteristics of health insurance . it analyses the relationships between transition probabilities and transition intensities in markov and semi - markov models , and discusses the payable probabilities and the net single premium under different insurance contracts . finally , it tries to study the calculation and the sensitivity testing of total premium 本文在对健康保险产品的特征进行分析的基础上，介绍了现有的健康保险的markov模型，探索性地引入semi - markov模型研究转移概率和转移强度的关系，并探讨了健康保险的赔付概率，以及典型的健康保险产品的纯保费的计算。
