The greatest practical use of the hapmap is in the identification of clans of close - knit variable sites , where each clan can be effectively represented by just a single site , helping to cut down the cost of genetic studies Hapmap最实际的功能是鉴定出族群关联变异位点，可以藉一个单一位点从中有效找出每一族群，有助减轻基因研究的费用。
The research by dr lam and his collaborators from university of california , san francisco and genetech , inc . which was published in nature , a world s leading scientific journal , identifies an activating mutation in the smoothened ( smo ) gene in sporadic bccs 的科学家合作研究，发现从散发性基底细胞瘤病例中鉴定出圆滑蛋白基因的一种活化突变，使圆滑蛋白基因变成肿瘤基因，导致基底细胞瘤的出现。
Pcr detection found there were 1 . 2x104 tfu in the library . one of colonies of scfv antibody , which binds to bull sperm , was selected and sequenced . sequence analysis indicates that the scfv colony resembles the mouse antibody 用phage - elisa从文库中筛选并鉴定出一个针对牛精子的阳性克隆，序列分析发现，该单链抗体克隆的序列符合小鼠抗体可变区的一般特征，这说明构建的针对牛精子的噬菌体抗体文库是成功的。
It could be tested that parent varieties influences on the setting rate of combinations were stronger if planted or different ecological sites ; some combinations resistant to high or low temperature could be bred on purpose by taking he influences into account 利用生态点的差异，可以有效鉴定出哪些父本品种对组合的结实率影响大；利用父本品种间对组合结实率影响的差异，可以有针对性的筛选出抗高温或低温的组合。
713bp and 700bp specific fragments were amplified by pcr and ligated into pgem - t easy vector . it was identified by restriction endonuclease digest analysis , pcr and sequencing that this fragment contained the complete open reading frame ( orf ) of the hc and ha gene 扩增产物连接到pgem - teasy载体上，转化入大肠杆菌jm109中进行蓝白斑筛选后，用酶切、 pcr鉴定和测序的方法鉴定出重组阳性质粒( pgem - hc和pgem - ha ) 。
Ugt1a9 is a member of ugt1a subfamily . the gene of ugt1 family is constituted of four common exons and one specific first exon . there are at least 12 kinds of the first exon identified in human being , among which nine exons belong to ugt1a subfamily Ugt1族基因基因由四个共同的外显子和一个不同的第一外显子组成，在人类至少已鉴定出12种不同的ugt1族第一外显子[ 4 ， 5 ] ，其中， ugt1a族至少有9种蛋白， ugt1a9是其中的一员。
By analyzing the wing phenotype , cuticle phenotype of germline clone embryo , deficiency kit mapping , direct sequencing and searching the genome sequence database , three genes : sll , oxt and pygo were identified ( each gene corresponding to one group of mutant alleles ) 并通过综合分析翅的形态，生殖系克隆胚胎的表皮形态，以及缺失作图，直接测序和搜索基因组数据库，鉴定出了三个基因，这三个基因分别对应于该三类突变体等位基因。
Peaks at similar mass - to - charge ratios ( clusters ) are identified across spectra ( figure 2 ) and relatie signal amplitude differences are compared using sophisticated pattern recognition software to identify expression patterns that uniquely characterize specific diseases or conditions 质谱图中具有相似质荷比的峰(群)及相对信号强度的差异可以通过高级模式识别软件分别得到鉴定和比较，从而鉴定出某一特定疾病或身体状态的独特蛋白表达模式。
92 distinct bands including 87 polymorphic bands and 24 specific bands were amplified from the genome dna of gastrodia elata bl . by using these selected primers belong to groups of opb , opi , opn , op w . the rate of polymorphic bands and the rate of specific bands were 93 . 5 % and 25 . 0 % respectively . seven often samples excluding tl , t3 and t9 were identified by the 24 specific bands 随机引物opb - 5扩增出的特异性条带最多，有4条，特异性条带率达57 . 2 ，可以鉴定出m和t8两个样品；随机引物opn - 10扩增出的9条带中，有3条特异性的带，可区分m ， t8 ， t2三个样品。
The identified proteins are involved in a variety of cellular process including several zinc finger proteins relevant to transcription regulation , such as zinc finger 198 , 263 , 14 , 224 , zf6 , novel protein similar to transcriptional represser ctcf , and kruppel - like zinc finger protein ; two members of the adams ( a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain ) family ; two members of integrin family ; several proteins involved in the signal transduction , cell - cycle control , chromatin remodeling and transcription repression ; and also some proteins of cell skeleton and some with unknown functions 鉴定出的蛋白包括多个与转录调控相关的锌指蛋白，如锌指蛋白198 、 263 、 14 、 224 、 zf6 、转录抑制因子ctcf样蛋白、幻肚pple样锌指蛋白等:两个含金属蛋白酶结构域和整合素结合结构域的家族成员adam28和adam17 ;两个整合素家族成员pz整合素和含十个egf样结构域的整合素( tied ) ;与细胞信号转导通路有关的蛋白;与细胞周期调控有关的蛋白;与染色体重塑和基因转录抑制有关的蛋白;细胞骨架蛋白以及其他功能未明的蛋白等。
