On the basis of absorbing the research results in the past , the paper utilizes the existing statistics which from 1985 to 2004 and use the econometric knowledge of co - integrated test , vector error correction , impulse responses , variance decomposition and granger causality test method to conducts the research to our country import - export goods income and the exchange rate elasticity of demand 本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,采用1985 - 2004年的统计数据,运用计量经济学的协整检验,误差修正模型,冲击响应,方差分解和granger因果关系检验等方法对我国进出口商品的收入和汇率需求弹性进行研究。
Though there are a certain level of counteractive impacts to the market power from the price - differentiation agreement and dynamics of demand , the influence of market power cannot be eliminated ; 3 ) in the electricity market , the market power size is greatly influenced by the supply - demand relationship , extent of concentration , and market collusion 虽然差价合约和负荷需求弹性对市场力有一定的抑制作用，但并不能消除市场力的存在。 ( 3 )电力市场的供需关系、市场的集中度以及市场共谋的有效性极大地影响着市场力的大小；发电企业的成本和发电容量的限制在某种程度上也影响着市场力的实施效果。
After the introduction of basic model for the survey , this paper tries to relaxthe hypothesis of the basic model from such angels as considering the sale services , setting the type of assumed conjecture for rival ' s price change , transforming the form of competition , taking the information asymmetry and transaction cost into account , market uncertainty and change of demand elasticity etc . , then draws out two mainstream conclusions as efficiency improvement and anti - competition effect 本文首先给出理论综述的基本模型，从引入销售服务变量，设定零售商的价格猜想类型，改变零售商的竞争方式，考虑信息不对称和交易成本，以及市场的不确定性和需求弹性的变化等多个角度逐次放宽假设条件，归纳出效率改进或反竞争效应两大基本结论。
In this paper , some conclusions are found , that is low demand elasticity of price and high supply elasticity of price , big annual fluctuation of supply , price changing with the four - year periodic fluctuation . the policy of agriculture also has the influence on maize seed market . in all , the policy encourages and supports the development of maize seed market , especially the high - tech enterprise and large - scale marketing corporation 通过研究发现，玉米种子市场的需求弹性极小，供给弹性很高，供给量年际波动很大；玉米种子价格的波动基本呈现“高?低?低?高”的四年周期规律；国家农业政策是高度鼓励和扶持玉米种业发展的，其中对高科技种业企业和大型种子营销企业实行重点支持培育。
For the reason that the flexibility demand for books is less than 1 , but the flexibility income is more than 1 , so the publishing enterprise will not attend the competition by reducing the books " price but prefer to making up the price to get considerable benefit . in non - price aspect , the essay mainly inspect the propaganda and specialize conduct of publishing 因为出版企业的产品? ?图书的需求弹性小于1 ，而收入弹性大于1 ，因此，出版企业决不会以降低图书价格的手段来参与市场竞争，而宁可涨价以获取可观的经济效益；在非价格行为方面，本文主要考察了出版企业的宣传行为和专业化行为。
Studies of intersectional labor flow , ranging from the classical lewis ' model of " dual structure " population flow to todaro ' s model of three - sector population flow , have been conducted against the background of rapidly expanding industrialization , quickly developing cities and highly elastic demand for labor in cities 摘要从刘易斯经典的“二元结构”人口流动模型到托达罗的三部门人口流动模型，对劳动力在部门间流动的研究都是在工业化迅速扩张、城市快速发展、城市对劳动力需求弹性很大的背景下进行的。
Furthermore , based on the approximately estimation of price elasticity of demand and operation cost by the methods of econometrics , it makes a reasonable scale ticket price scheme and pricing estimation system for chongqing light rail , which also giving a new pricing method for the similar projects in china 同时运用计量经济学的方法对轻轨价格需求弹性系数和运营成本作了近似估计。在此基础上,为重庆轻轨制定出一套可行合理的分段计程制票价方案和票价综合评价体系,从而为国内同类项目的定价提出了一种新的思路和方法。
