The third chapter of this dissertation sums up a few basic principles of the regulation of ntms by gatt / wto , which are non - discrimination , transparent , priority to procedural rules and special treatment of developing countries 本文第三章归纳出从wto规范非关税措施的几项主要原则，包括非歧视原则、透明度原则、以程序性规则为主原则和发展中国家特殊待遇原则
In terms of the impact of the wto entry on china ' s automotive industry , if is clear that as it obviously belongs to the range of " infant industry " , a certain level of protection is a must for its growth 就加入wto列汽车工业的影响看，由于其明显的“幼稚产业”特征，实施一定的保护是必须的。从发展的眼光看，关税的逐步减让和非关税措施的最终取消都是一种必然趋势。
We have drawn the following three basic conclusions from our own experiences : first , only by participating in the multilateral trading system with a positive stance , can various countries in the world better share the benefits of economic globalization 这些非关税措施和关税一起被纳入市场准入的谈判，在市场准入的谈判中达成的任何协议都将按世贸组织的最惠国待遇原则，同等给予一切成员方。
Therefore it is a top priority task of china ' s automotive industry to choose the correct development mode and increase its compet i t ive power dur i ng the protection per iod for gradual tariff concession and before the final cancellation of non - tariff barriers 因此，在关税逐步减让和非关税措施最终取消以前的有限保护期内，如何正确选择中国汽车工业的发展模式，提高汽车工业的竞争力是当务之急。
Besides , measures on the edge of and away from the law and regulations of wto are also diminishing . wto asks its members to reduce and at last get rid of non - tariff barriers in trade , to have tariff to replace the non - tariff restriction import to agriculture products , and also put non - tariff measures under more effective international control 而世贸组织法律规则和规定的边缘或之外的“灰色区域措施”也将逐步减少和消除， wto要求成员国要减少和逐步消除非关税壁垒，对农产品的非关税限制进口措施实行关税化，并将非关税措施置于更有效的国际控制之下。
This change interested some academic scholars , whose research focus mainly on economic quantitative analysis . this dissertation aims from some aspects , for example historical development , economic and legal theories and policies and practices , and using normative and positive or general and detailed method , to expound and research non - tariff measures ( abbreviated as " ntms " ) compositely 本文则希望针对wto相关协议从历史发展、经济和法律理论、政策实践等多个方面，运用包括比较研究、总分结合、实证和规范方法相结合等多种方法，对非关税措施进行既有综合概括，又有具体细节的较为全面的阐述和研究。
Chairman , china first participated in the uruguay round negotiations in september 1986 and witnessed the historical transformation of the multilateral trading system from the gatt to the wto . meanwhile , china s negotiations for the accession to the multilateral trading system over the past 15 years have been an integral part of the process of its reform and opening up from the beginning to the end 自一九四七年关贸总协定成立以来，由于进口关税一再降低，各缔约方转向求助各种非关税壁垒来达到保护贸易的目的，据估计，当今世界各国的非关税措施已从六十年代的八百种增加到目前的二千多种，一九四七年关贸总协定的谈判也主要从关税措施转移到非关税措施。
The fourth chapter of this dissertation introduces a variety of ntms agreements of wto , and also analyses different questions in these agreements . these questions consist of three kinds , which include concrete and abstract questions like the rationality of some measures or their meaning and purpose to our society 这些问题虽然各不相同，但大致可分为三类:一是某项协议中存在的具体问题;二是某项非关税措施本身的合理性等关系其存废的大问题;三是某个非关税措施的社会经济和法律意义、作用
Therefore because of the diversity of it , it is impossible to make detailed countermeasures to every specific one of it . so nations are inclined to adapt more concealed , more flexible and legal measures , what can be called new non - tariff barriers , by avoiding direct conflict with the wto to carry out their new protectionism 但由于非关税措施花样繁多、层出不穷， wto不可能对每一种非关税措施都作出具体的、明确的规定，因此，各国越来越趋向采用以绕开wto的直接约束的更加隐蔽、灵活、合法的新型非关税壁垒，实施新的贸易保护主义。
