As a result of china ' s economic boom and the improvement of onshore work condition as well as the increase of social welfare , less people are willing to go to sea , making the recruitment of seafarers , senior officers in particular , even more difficult 近几年，中国人民的生活水平不断提高，陆上工作条件和社会福利逐步改善，愿意从事海员职业的人越来越少。可随着世界经济的发展和国际贸易的增长，对船员的需求，特别是对远洋高级船员的需求却持续增多，导致远洋高级船员供需失衡的矛盾日益突出。
The medical certificates are kept in strict confidence by the competent officer , together with a list , prepared under the competent officer ' s responsibility and stating for each seafarer on board : the functions of the seafarer , the date of the current medical certificate ( s ) and the health status noted on the certificate concerned 体检证书应与主管高级船员负责准备的记述船上每一船员职务、当前体检证书的日期和有关证书上记录的海员健康状况的清单一起，由主管高级船员在严格保密的条件下保管。
Provided that when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstance connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage , then the wages and maintenance of master , officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed during the extra detention for repairs to damages so discovered shall not be admissible as general average , even if the repairs are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage 如果船舶的损坏是在装货或停靠港口或地点发现的，而且航程中没有发生过与此项损坏有关的任何意外事故或其他特殊情况，则在修理上述损坏的额外停留期间所支付的船长、高级船员和一般船员的工资、给养和消耗的燃料、物料不得认作共同海损，即使这项修理是安全的完成航程所必需的。
The main causes include low salary , a lack of participation in management , etc . based on the causes disclosed from this investigation , this paper has offered some conductive solutions for those problems , which covers a number of areas such as efficient recruitment , human resource layout , performance evaluation , compensation policy , training and development , organization culture , etc . so as to keep the ratio of ocean senior officers turnover at a reasonable level 研究发现skmw公司远洋高级船员的总体满意度不高，其中，薪酬水平偏低、参与管理不足等等是导致skmw公司远洋高级船员不满意的主要微观因素。针对调查所得的流失原因，本文从有效招聘、人力资源规划、绩效评估、薪酬政策、培训与发展、组织文化等人力资源管理的几个关键环节入手，寻找解决办法，以期留住和更好地使用远洋高级船员，使远洋高级船员流失率保持在一个比较合理的水平。
The paper analyses of the macroscopical factors that influence ocean senior officers turnover in china . based on an investigation of skmw , a giant state - owned shipping company in china , the paper analyses of the microcosmic factors that influence ocean senior officers turnover in china . furthermore , the paper puts forward the effective countermeasures that will solve the problems of ocean senior officers turnover in china 本文还对影响远洋高级船员流失的宏观因素进行了因素分析，并结合实例对一家典型的国有大型航运企业? ? skmw公司的远洋高级船员的流失情况进行了调查，对远洋高级船员流失的微观因素进行了分析，进而提出解决我国远洋航运企业高级船员流失问题的有效对策。
Each seafarer under 18 receives , at the time of engagement , a note prohibiting him / her from performing night work or the work specifically listed as hazardous ( see part i , section 1 , above ) and any other hazardous work , and requiring him / her to consult the competent officer in case of doubt 在受聘时，每个18岁以下的海员收到一份禁止其从事夜间工作或从事被特别列为有害的工作(见上文第i部分第1节)或任何其他有害工作的通知，并要求该海员在有疑问时与主管高级船员协商。
It runs through a seafarer " whole career . this paper compares chinese met system with those abroad , especially the role of shipping companies in met , identifies the weakness of seafarers " training in shipping companies , lists the basic contents of training both on shore and on board for marine officers , makes suggestions in the improvement of seafarers training and management , so as to enhance the abi1ity of compet ition for chinese shipping companies in the world shipping . in this way , our nation will be strong in the shipping industry in the world 本文通过研究，对比分析了国内外高级船员航海教育与培训的体系与模式，尤其是船公司在航海教育与培训中的作用，找出了我国航运企业船员培训的弱点，明确了当今在职船员职业教育与培训的基本内容，船上培训不可忽视，提出了改善我国航运企业船员教育与培训体系及其管理水平的建议，以使我国航运企业更加重视船员的教育与培训，更好的参与国际航运的竞争，变我国为航运强国。
