Adopted stainless steel cover and innocuous filtration medium , gl - r liquid oil purifier can filter impurities in rape oil , sesame oil and peanut oil , ect edible oils and beverage 用不锈钢外壳和对人体无害的滤芯制造的gl型液体过滤机，可作为去除菜油麻油花生油等食用油中和饮料中所含杂质的专用过滤设备。
Meanwhile , the former was also used as condolences cloth , buddhist device and papermaking , and the latter as religion offerings , lighting , eating and medicaments . the utilization ratio was fairly high 但是又各具特色，麻纤维及其产品被用作吊孝布，制作佛教法物和造纸原料；麻籽、麻油被用作佛食供品、燃灯、公众食用和药用。
Third , concerning the utilization on the ma - crops , either the fibre and products or the ma - seed and ma - oil could be served as paying taxes , giving in charity for temples , contributing and acting as equivalent 第三，麻的利用方面，无论是麻纤维及其产品，还是麻籽、麻油，在缴纳赋税、舍施寺院、纳赠捐助和充当交易媒介等四个方面是一致的。
Forth , the price ratio between the fibre and products and the copper cash and the wheat looked different in different period . while with limited documents , the ma - seed and the ma - oil can not be analyzed in concrete time , but generalized 第四，价格问题上，麻纤维及其产品与铜钱、麦粟斛斗在不同时段内有不同的比价，而麻籽、麻油的价格因史料所限，只能大概作出讨论，不能作出具体时间内的比价分析。
Second , from tang dynasty to early song dynasty , the category of the ma - crops contains huangma （ 黄麻 ） ， youma （ 油 麻 ） ， ma - seed （ 麻子 ） ， and ma - oil （ 麻油 ） . the area of them was about one third of all the cultivated land , and the per mu yield was estimated 15 jin （ 唐 斤 ） 第二，唐五代宋初敦煌的麻植业品种包括：黄麻（今胡麻） 、油麻（今芝麻） 、大麻（苴麻和?麻） ，植麻面积约占当时总耕地的1 / 3 ，亩产量约15唐斤。
In this article , combined the unearthed documents in dunhuang and the surrounding area and some traditional historical records , the author would analyze the cultivation and utilization on the ma - crops of dunhuang from tang dynasty to early song dynasty , which is mainly composed of four sections , the generalisation of the cultivation and utilization on the ma - crops in ancient dunhuang , the category , area and per mu yield （ 亩产 量 ） in given period , the utilization on the fibre and products and the ma - seed （ 麻 籽 ） and the ma - oil （ 麻油 ） , and the price ratios between the ma - crops and the copper cash （ 铜钱 ） and wheat 因此，麻在古代敦煌社会经济生活中的重要地位和作用未得到客观、公允的评价和认知。本文欲结合敦煌及周边地区的出土文献和传统的史籍资料，分析探讨唐五代宋初敦煌麻的种植及利用状况，主要涉及到四个方面：古代敦煌地区麻的生产利用总述，唐五代宋初敦煌麻的种植品种、面积和亩产量，麻纤维及其产品麻籽、麻油的利用和它们与铜钱、麦粟斛斗的比价。
Heat the castor oil to warm , apply externally on affected area , rub well for few minutes , apply it once again , the larger the area the better , cover with cotton gauze , wrap with plastic and adhere well , leave it all night long , clean it with filtered , distilled water or apple cider on the morning after opening the gauze 将葱麻油加至温热，外涂于病发部位皮肤上，按摩数分钟，再涂上一层，覆盖范围愈广愈好，用棉质纱布包裹，再用保鲜纸包裹，从而保持其湿度，之后再包裹好，经过一整晚后，拆开后再用过滤水、蒸馏水或苹果醋清洗乾净。
