Of course the import - demand elasticities are country - specific , since each country has its comparative advantage in the production of different products , so that the experience of one may not be applicable to another 当然，每个国家的进口需求弹性都不同，因为每个国家在生产不同产品方面的比较优势都不同，所以一个国家的经验不一定适用于另一个国家。
( 3 ) asset price especially the stock price in china has basically no correlation with enterprises investment and it has more substitution effect than wealth effect on household consumption , but it has large demand elasticity for money （ 3 ）我国资产价格主要是股票价格虽然与企业投资的相关关系不显著，对居民消费的替代效应大于财富效应，但对货币的需求弹性较大。
For demand elasticity can directly reflect the relationship between consumption and variables that have influence on consumption such as income and prices . elasticity is much significant for economists to forecast and put forward policy suggestion 因为需求弹性可以直观的反映出收入、价格等影响消费的变量与消费者消费行为之间的关系，它们对经济学家进行预测、提供政策建议都有着相当重要的意义。
It is analyzed through the research that the main restricted factors affected the rural agricultural extension organizations in yi zheng lies in : the unconsummated of management mechanism , the serious shortage of the fund of agricultural extension , the unsteadiness of the rural agricultural extension group , the overall low capacity of the people , not quite properness of the professional knowledge structure , the low speed of the knowledge updating , unclear goals of part rural agricultural extension organizations , the phenomenon of not so well relationship among agricultural research , education and extension , scattered one household of the agricultural production way concerning lack of agriculture technique demanding elasticity , etc . agricultural extension has presented some new diversions under new condition of agricultural development 根据调查分析，影响仪征乡镇农业推广机构发展的制约因素主要有：管理体制不健全，农业推广经费严重不足，乡镇农业推广队伍不稳，人员整体素质偏低、专业知识结构欠合理、知识更新缓慢，部分乡镇农业推广机构发展方向不明，目前的农业科研、教育与推广存在相脱节现象，一家一户的分散的农业生产经营方式对农业技术需求弹性不足等。新形势下的农业发展对农业推广的要求也发生了新的转变。
The writer considers that the delimitation of the related product market is based on supply substitution too besides the consumers " reactions i . e . demand - and - supply . as to the demand elasticity index , our country could adopt methods to adjust it as per the common principles of price mechanism 笔者认为相关的产品市场的界定除了考虑消费者的反应即需求供给外，同时应考虑供给替代：对需求弹性指标，可根据价格机制的共同原理，我国可以采取灵活多变的方式加以调整。
( 1 ) the economic characteristics decide the development of world aquaculture . because of the character of denseness of resource and labour , countries which have longer coastline , more population and which are not developed have high output of aquatic product . because of the nature of aquatic consume , the demand of aquatic product is high , while less resources are allot in aquaculture in developed country , which decides the activity of international trade of aquatic , high value aquatic product favor to developed countries . because the high increase of world population , aquatic resource crock up increasingly . the output of aquatic product ca n ' t increase high in a longer time , but with the advance of 由于水产品生产的资源和劳动密集特征,沿海海岸线长、人口多、欠发达国家水产品产量高,发达国家、海岸线短、内陆水资源相对稀缺的国家水产品产量低。由于水产品消费具有两重性、水产品需求弹性大的特点,发达国家对水产品需求量大,而发达国家的资源较少分配到水产品生产上,这就决定了水产品国际贸易比较活跃,并且高价值水产品流向发达国家。由于水产品的易腐特性,国际水产品贸易主要品种为水产加工品。
The increase of brand credit degree can change the demand curve , because it will not only decrease the choice cost effectively and make the demand curve move to the right , but also lessen demand elasticity to make the demand curve craggy 引入品牌后，品牌信用度的提高使得需求曲线发生变化，一方面在其他条件不变的情况下，品牌信用度的提高将有效地降低消费者的选择成本，消费者“趋利避害”的本性使得在任意价格下需求量增加，需求曲线右移；另一方面品牌信用度的提高使得品牌商品的需求弹性变小，需求曲线变陡峭。
In this thesis , abundant statistical data are contained , two methods are employed to give a positive analysis on the elasticity of demand ( eod ) of i & e in china during the period from 1990 to 2001 from the following three aspects : firstly , regression analysis is applied to calculate the average eod of the general i & e . generally speaking , the export is rich in price eod while the import has a poor one . in addition , the absolute value of the sum of these two kinds of elasticity is higher than 1 , which accords with marshall - lener condition and proves that devaluation of rmb should be helpful to improve the trade balance . suggestion is further provided such as cutting off producing cost of export , improving technology and implementing strategy of import substitution to improve trade balance 本文运用丰富的统计数据资料、两种方法、从三个层次实证分析了1990 - 2001年我国进出口商品的需求弹性：首先，运用回归分析法计算总体进出口商品的平均弹性，得出我国出口商品总体富有价格弹性，而进口商品总体缺乏价格弹性，进出口需求价格弹性之和的绝对值大于1 ，符合马歇尔?勒纳条件，人民币贬值有助于改善贸易收支的结论，并提出降低出口商品生产成本、提高生产技术水平、实施进口替代战略来改善贸易收支；其次，运用弹性定义法逐年计算约100种主要出口商品和约50种主要进口商品的总体需求价格弹性，对其结果进行分析，进一步验证了前述结论；再次，运用弹性定义法逐年计算农产品、钢铁、汽车、医药等五大类八种商品的进出口需求价格弹性，根据其不同的分布状况，联系实际经济情况，提出相应的汇率、价格及产业政策以改善贸易收支。
We point out some advantages and disadvantages . third , apple consume demand in china . the article summarizes development trend and estimates elasticity coefficient about apple consume demand in china , according as questionnaire investigations and statistic data mainly in hubei , henan , jiangxi and zhejiang , we have done empirical analysis on apple ' s consumption influencing factors in china 概括了我国苹果消费需求发展趋势；测算了我国苹果消费需求弹性值；重点结合湖北、河南、江西、浙江四省的问卷调查资料及文献统计资料对影响我国苹果消费需求的因素作了分析，这些因素包括：居民收入水平因素、产品品种质量因素、供给时空因素、消费者购买行为因素等。
According to this viewpoint the paper analyzes three aspects : rate , demand elasticity of money and elasticity of rate . and then the paper arrives at the co nclusion that china has not fallen into liquidity trap and monetary policy should have played its role . accordingly , some other reasons but liquidity trap make monetary policy ineffective 针对货币政策无效论，文章从利率水平、货币的需求弹性以及投资的利率弹性三方面进行分析判断，得出我国经济未陷入流动性陷阱的结论，即货币政策发挥作用的条件是具备的，导致我国货币政策反通缩乏力必然另有原因。
