2 . the chosen nanometer cacoj particles have been tested and analyzed through advanced instruments . 1 ) the crystal structure and average size of the nanometer cacos particles have been tested by rotatory anode harrow x - ray diffractometer 2 、采用先进的仪器对所选择的纳米碳酸钙粒子进行了测定： ( 1 )使用旋转阳极靶多晶x射线衍射仪测定其晶体结构和平均粒径大小。
The grain size and microdistortion of some nanomaterials synthesized by different methods , from different materials and treated under different disposal conditions were studied by means of wide angel x - ray diffraction ( waxd ) and single line fourier line shape refine analysis 摘要利用广角x射线衍射仪，采用单线傅氏线形精炼分析法，研究不同制备方法及不同处理条件的纳米晶体的晶粒大小和微观畸变。
The synthesized ti02 powders consist of anatase tio2 and rutile tio2 according to xrd patterns . results show that the ticfe particles show a mean grain size from 10nm to 50nm , and most of which present anatase . the content of anatase tio2 decrease with the increase of arc powder 采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和x射线衍射仪分析了tioz颗粒的显微组织和晶型结构，计算了颗粒中的锐钦矿相和金红石相的含量与晶粒尺寸。
The morphologies of powder were observed by using high - resolution transmission electron microscopy ( hrtem ) ; x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) pattern was used to analyze the phases of the powder ; energy dispersive x - ray spectroscopy ( edx ) was used to analyze the component of composite powder 用高分辨电镜观察复合粉体的形貌，进行电子衍射分析；用d / 3ax3b型x射线衍射仪作复合粉体的物相分析；用pv9900型能谱仪作复合粉末的成分分析。
Namometer silicon carbide powder was prepared from industrial silicon carbide by high energy ball milling . then the morphology and the phase structure of the milled powder were inspected by y - 4a xrd and philips xl30 peg sem . , the variational rules of milled sic powder size were determined 用philipsxl30feg型扫描电镜、 y - 4a型x射线衍射仪对球磨后的粉末进行了形貌观察和相结构分析，统计了sic粉体尺寸随球磨时间的变化规律。
The samples were characterized by x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) , optical spectroscopy , transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) and scanning tunneling microscopy ( stm ) . as a result , a self - assembled monolayer ( sam ) of msa on the surface of fee au particles was directly observed in atomic level 在此基础上，对金纳米粒子和其自组织结晶体进行了一系列的x射线衍射仪( xrd ) 、透射式电子显微镜( tem ) 、光吸收谱和扫描隧道显微镜( stm )的检测和分析。
The techniques of preparing film buffer layers on si were studied . the sem , tem and xrd were adopted to study the crystal structure of films . the influences of buffer layers , substrate and heat treatment condition on the crystal structure and performance of the ybco films were discussed 进一步用扫描电镜、透射电镜和x射线衍射仪研究了薄膜组织结构和结晶情况，分析了缓冲层和衬底对ybco薄膜制备的影响、以及不同热处理条件对薄膜结晶结构及性能的影响。
And the morphology and the phase structure of the milled powder were inspected by philips xl30 peg sem and y - 4a xrd . the results revealed that : by adding some rare earths to the mixture of si and c powders , the rate of synthesizing sic increased and the grinding rate quickened 采用稀土作为添加剂，利用高能球磨机球磨微米尺寸si 、 c的混合粉体使其合成纳米尺寸的sic ，利用扫描电镜观察经球磨后的粉体形貌，用y - 4a型x射线衍射仪对球磨后的粉体进行物相分析。
Cyclic voltammetry ( cv ) in sulphuric acid solution and dimethyl ether solution is employed to characterize the catalytic activity of the electrocatalysts ; transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) and x - ray diffraction are employed to characterize the microstructure of the electrocatalysts ; the electrochemical characteristics of the direct dimethyl ether fuel cells ( ddfc ) made from the electrocatalysts are tested by arbin fuel cell test systems 在h2so4溶液中采用循环伏安对催化剂的电化学行为进行了评价;在饱和二甲醚溶液中采用循环伏安研究了pt / c催化剂对二甲醚氧化性能;通过透射电子显微镜( tem )和x射线衍射仪( xrd )分析了催化剂的表面物理特征;通过arbin燃料电池系统对催化剂制备二甲醚燃料电池进行评价。
The sl401 circulating water refrigeration unit is mostly used as a supporting product for precision instrument facilities with the need of isothermal cooling water , for example , the x - ray diffractometer , fluorescence spectrometer , scanning microscope , laser , energy spectrometer , vacuum forming machine , high - frequency generator , mocvd , etc Sl401型循环水制冷机组主要为x射线衍射仪、荧光光谱仪、扫描显微镜、激光器、能谱、真空成型机、高频机、 mocvd等需用恒温冷却水源的精密仪器设备的配套产品。
