Article 12 an “ undertaking ” in this law refers to a natural person , legal person , or other organization that engages in the production or business of commodities or provides services 第十二条本法所称经营者，是指从事商品生产、经营或者提供服务的自然人、法人和其他组织。
This does not help the mainlands commodity producers and consumers allocate resources effectively or manage risk arising from price volatility , and it is not in the overall interests of the country 这不利于内地商品生产与消费企业有效配置资源和管理价格波动的风险，不符合国家整体利益。
For one thing , it will make and offer reference for the payment price in m & a , for another , it will observe the possible value appreciation factor of the target enterprise and difficulty in integration 在社会化商品生产活动中,企业由于条件、机遇和素质的差异,在竞争中会出现优势和劣势、盈利和亏损的情形。
Originating from the process of producing and exchanging goods , economic forecasting is initiated to meet demands of formulating domestic economic policies and managing business and enterprises 经济预测是在商品生产和商品交换的过程中产生的，是应国家制定经济政策和工商企业进行经营管理决策的之需而发展起来的。
Electricity energy is considered as the commodity , the power corporation as modern enterprise . specialty of price and arithmetic based on market economy rule are designed 联动电价建模的思想是将电能作为商品、把电力公司作为现代企业，以商品生产规律和市场经济规律为基础，从电力公司商业运营角度考虑电价的计算方法。
For most goods and services in the economy , however , producers are still burdened with the responsibility of setting a " list " price and then deciding when - and to whom - to offer discounts 然而，对于经济领域中大多数商品生产商与服务供应商来讲，如何确定“标牌”价格，决定何时以及向谁提供折扣，仍然是`没法推卸的重任。
For most goods and services in the economy , however , producers are still burdened with the responsibility of setting a " list " price and then deciding when - and to whom - to offer discounts 然而，对于经济领域中大多数商品生产商和服务供应商来说，如何确定“标牌”价格，决定何时以及向谁提供折扣，仍然是无法推卸的重任。
So the scm theory can be taken as a guiding theory for enterprises from all sectors including retail chains to implement management transition . retail chains play the role of " information pass " between consumers and manufacturers 零售连锁企业在沟通消费者和商品生产者之间担负着一个承上启下的“信息关隘”职能，同时拥有制造商所无可比拟的分销渠道和物流网络。
Marx thought , in a society where there was only one single public ownership system of the productive materials , there would be no commodity production , and the commodity and money relationship would not exist 马克思认为,在单一的生产资料公有制社会中,不存在商品生产,商品货币关系消亡。个人劳动具有直接的社会性,用劳动时间衡量每个劳动者的劳动量,并按此分配个人消费品。
The formation of the regional commercial centers , the advanced and perfect commodity production bases , the stable commodity consumer markets and the huge and effective traffic system accelerated the development of the regional markets of the huaihai region 地区性商业中心的形成，发达和完善的商品生产基地，稳定的商品消费市场，庞大有效的交通运输系统促进了淮海区域市场的发展。
