In late song dynasty , scholars led by shu shi and monks led by hui hong accept this idea embodied in shurangrma sutra and apply it in artistic and aesthetic activities , and thus form the thought of the inter - accessibility of six senses which breaks down the barriers among different artistic media 北宋后期，以苏轼为代表的士大夫和以惠洪为代表的僧人接受了《楞严经》 “六根互用”的思想，并将之运用到艺术审美活动中，形成打通艺术各媒体之间界限的“出位之思” 。
Famous chan masters in buddhist temples is a new historical book , it records lots of biographies of famous chan masters who were active in society from the late tang dynasty to the northern song in china and deeds which they had close contact with literati and officialdom , providing precious historical information for descendants to understand social culture at that time 《禅林僧宝传》是在旧有灯录之外别撰记载禅门五宗著名禅师“前言往行”的新型禅宗史书，不仅为丛林说法参禅提供前代的事例、可以用以启示学人的会案语录，而且由于记载了很多活跃于晚唐至北宋社会著名禅僧的传记及他们与士大夫之间密切交往的事递，为后世了解当时社会文化也提供了极为珍贵的历史资料。
From the phenomenological perspective , the meanings of " gentlemens " and " small man " in0the analects of confu cius roughly classified into three categories , first , the existence of the different status , gentleman is the people who has a higher status in social political life ( ruler ) , small man is professional person ( civilian ) ; second , the existence of the different state , the existence of the gentleman has authenticity , while the existence of small man is thrown in ordinary ; third , the pursuit of different existence , gentlemen is the people who pursuits goodness , and small man is the people who pursuits interests 摘要在现象学的语境中， 《论语》中“君子”和“小人”的含义大致可以归为三类：第一，不同的生存地位：君子指位尊者（士大夫） ，小人指位卑者（平民） ；第二，不同的生存状态：君子指本真的生存状态，小人指非本真的生存状态；第三，不同的生存追求：君子指追求“道”的人，小人指追求“利”的人。
The place is made all the more graceful by curves that form the contours of the place , and verdant greeness that provides the basic colour tune . the west lake also has a lot to thank the sagacious people of bygone days for , who made resourceful decisions in developing the lake , piling up the mud dug from the lake to construct dykes and isles and beautify them with pagodas , bridges , pavilions and terraces and trees , flowers and plants . these man - made scenes and sights are set in such harmony with the environment that the west lake becomes richer in both tourist resources and cultural connotations 由于对西湖的这些加工建设都是在颇有文化层次的“市长”和士大夫们的主持下进行的，因此在选择内容方位确定造型尺寸建筑植被等方面，都渗透着中国传统文化的哲学理念和审美情趣，加之于历史在西湖山水间沉淀了许多名人名迹故事传说等，使人们在游观西湖时，产生许多文化联想，获得与山水之美融为一体的人文之美。
The presentation of the above features is based on the philosophical and cultural foundations of three levels : the ancient philosophical origin that heaven and man is one ; the firm and accomplished attitude of life and psychological structure of chinese scholar - officials ; and the aesthetic experience and cultural practice foundations of the poems by the poets in prosperous tang dynasty , especially those by li bai and du fu 《诗品》中“雄浑美”的提出有三个层次的哲学文化基础：中国古老的“天人合一”的哲学根源；中国士大夫刚健有为的人生态度和文化心理结构； “盛唐诸公”特别是李杜诗歌的审美经验、文化实践基础。
Seeking for the penetration and influence of these thoughts on the theory of ancient chinese literature , this article explains the important role they play in depicting the structure of aesthetic psychology and the ideal of art aesthetic appreciation of ancient chinese intelligentsia so as to deeply understand and handle the national features of the theory of ancient chinese literature 追寻儒、道思想对中国古代文论的渗透与影响，阐释其在塑造中国士大夫阶层的审美心理结构和艺术审美理想方面所起的重要作用，以期深入理解和把握中国古代文论的民族特征。
