审级

• The reform and practice of the new judicial institution which included the judicial levels and jurisdiction institution , judicial supervision institution litigation and judicial adjudication institution and so on . it changed the traditional judicial institution and formed a base for the modern judicial system
  新式审级权限制度、审判监督制度和诉讼裁判制度等地方审判制度的改革与运作对中国法制近代化产生重要影响，它改变了中国传统的司法审判制度，为近代司法审判制度的确立奠定基础。
• The civil case judgment direct procedure is a legal procedure that rectifies to produce effect to judge the mistake , although it is not a case to take up necessarily through the procedure , is also not litigant to review the class independently , it developped the positive effect towards protecting the legal rights of the party concerned , guarantee judicatory fairly , , because some judgment of now direct procedure provision too principle , or not complete and not reasonable , practice to win to also bring the operational difficulty and not norm , also obstructed the wrong function of the 纠 of the procedure of direct of judgment full to some extent exertive
  民事审判监督程序是纠正生效裁判错误的法定程序,虽然它不是案件审理的必经程序,也不是诉讼的独立审级,但其对保护当事人合法权益,保障司法公正,发挥了积极作用,但由于现在有些审判监督程序规定的过于原则,或不完整不合理,实践中也带来操作上的困难和不规范,在一定程度上也阻碍了审判监督程序的纠错功能的充分发挥。
• It is narrow in the traditional substantive law theory in which the object is the substantive legal relationships in dispute , but wide in the theory in which the object is a claim . the traditional subsantive law theory may cause a self - contradictory judgement , which hinders the settlement of disputes . therefore , the theory of claim should be adopted
  一个理想的上诉制度，应当在尽可能简易程序而不致过分拖延的同时，发挥其纠正错误、统一法律认识的功能，而我国上诉制度设计的不合理之处在于两审终审制的审级过低，导致再审程序的频繁启动，极大地危害了终审判决的权威性。
• The tiered judicial system of civil case refers to a legal suit system about the hierarchy of judicial organizations and the procedure of an effective verdict . establishing the system is to pursue the equal and just verdict so as to realize the equality and justice of law and to find a balance between justice and efficiency so as to realize them to the full extension
  设立民事审级制度的目的在于为了寻求法院裁判的公平和正义，从而实现法律的公平与正义，同时在诉讼公正与效率两者之间找到一个平衡点，达到合理程度，使其既能最大限度地维护公正，又能尽可能地达到高效率。
• Steps in trial system is an integral structure which includes the value base of installing steps in trial system , the concretely installing steps in trial system , controlling the scale of courts of final instance , distributing functions and powers of all courts of all steps and the junction between steps in trial system and retrial system
  审级制度是一个整体结构,包含审级设置的价值理念、审级的具体设置、终审法院的规模控制、各级法院的职能分配及权限划分、审级制度与再审制度的衔接等诸多因素。
• In china , it is of great significance to the realization of rule by law in administration to establish administrative public prosecution system , which should be mainly made up in the establishment of its plaintiff qualification , definition of its case - accepting scope and determination of its case - hearing level system
  摘要在我国，设立行政公诉制度对实现行政法治具有重大意义，主要应从确立行政公诉原告资格、明确规定行政公诉的受案范围和确定行政公诉案件的审级制度几个方面来具体构造我国的行政公诉制度。
• By reviewing the steps in civil trial system of other advanced countries in legal system , this paper overviews the reality of our country ’ s steps in trial system , and analyses the shortcomings and unreasonable points . thus , based on the principles of contemporary steps in trial system , experiences of western countries and our conditions , this paper puts forward some reformatory advices for the reconstruction of our country ’ s steps in trial system as follows : we need to install the steps structure of 4 - step & third ? trial system ; to establish diversified steps in trial system according to different types of cases ; to re - define the natures and functions of 4 - step courts and adjust the functions and powers of courts of all steps by this way ; to regulate the retrial procedure and strictly restrict the initiation of retrial procedure at the same time as reconstructing steps in trial system
  本文通过对法制先进国家民事审级制度的考察,透视我国审级制度的现状,分析其中存在的弊端及不合理之处,从而基于现代审级制度的原理、西方国家的经验以及我国的现实国情,针对我国审级制度的重塑提出几点改革建议:确立四级三审制的审级结构;针对不同类型的案件,建构多元化的审级制度;重新界定四级法院的性质和功能并据此对各级法院职能和权限进行调整;在重构审级制度的同时,规范再审程序,严格控制再审程序的启动。