ecdysozoa造句

• Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada, part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa.
• Platyhelminthes, the Ecdysozoa or the Lophotrochozoa.
• Later studies have placed them elsewhere, including close to the Ecdysozoa or the Lophotrochozoa.
• The phylum is placed along with the Ecdysozoa clade of moulting organisms that include the Arthropoda.
• An alternative concept, most widely accepted today, is the so-called Ecdysozoa hypothesis.
• All members of the Ecdysozoa are direct developers without a trochophore, and the cycloneuralians have terminal mouths.
• Their closest relatives are thought to be the Panarthropoda, Nematoda and Nematomorpha; they are thus placed in the group Ecdysozoa.
• This places the annelids and Panarthropoda in two very different groups : the former in the Lophotrochozoa and the latter in the Ecdysozoa.
• The Ecdysozoa include the following phyla : Arthropoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, Loricifera, Nematoda, Loricifera, and Nematomorpha.
• Most appear to belong to two major lineages : the deuterostomes and the protostomes, the latter of which includes the Ecdysozoa, and Lophotrochozoa.
• The current widely accepted hypothesis, based on molecular data ( mostly 18S Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, and Platyzoa ( sometimes included in Lophotrochozoa ).
• The group is generally regarded as monophyletic, and many analyses support the placement of arthropods with cycloneuralians ( or their constituent clades ) in a superphylum Ecdysozoa.
• The non-panarthropod members of Ecdysozoa have been grouped as Cycloneuralia but they are more usually considered paraphyletic in as representing the primitive condition from which the Panarthropoda evolved.
• Although much is known at the cellular and molecular level about the other bilateralian clades ( ecdysozoa and deuterostomia ), research into the processes that govern spiralian development is comparatively lacking.
• Proponents of this hypothesis assume that the aforementioned similarities between annelids and velvet worms either developed convergently or were primitive characteristics passed unchanged from a common ancestor to both the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.
• In 2006, he, along with Jon Mallatt, provided evidence that Branchiopoda not Malacostraca is the sister group of Hexapoda after studying ribosomal RNA in various phyla including Kinorhyncha and Ecdysozoa.
• "' List of bilateral animal orders "'contains the Bilateria of the animal subkingdom Eumetazoa, divided into four superphyla, Deuterostomia, and the three Protostome superphyla, Ecdysozoa, Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa.
• One problem of the Ecdysozoa hypothesis is the velvet worms'subterminal mouth position : unlike in the Cycloneuralia, the mouth is not at the front end of the body, but lies further back under the belly.
• Particularly characteristic of the Cycloneuralia is a ring of " circumoral " nerves around the mouth opening, which the proponents of the Ecdysozoa hypothesis also recognise in modified form in the details of the nerve patterns of the Panarthropoda.
• In the 1990s, molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences produced a coherent scheme showing arthropods as members of a superphylum labelled Ecdysozoa ( " animals that moult " ), which contained nematodes, priapulids and tardigrades but excluded annelids.