lunulae造句

• Ireland has the greatest concentration of gold lunulae and stone wrist-guards in Europe.
• Gold lunulae fall into three distinct groups, termed Classical, Unaccomplished and Provincial by archaeologists.
• A few Classical lunulae have been found on the north Cornish coast and in southern Scotland.
• Most gold lunulae have decorative patterns very much resembling jet spacer necklaces, which are thought to be slightly later in date.
• In one large sample of 39 lunulae, the 19 Classical averaged 54 grams, with the 12 Unaccomplished averaging 40 gm.
• This suggests that all five lunulae were the work of one craftsperson and the contents of the Kerivoa box their tools of trade.
• Isidore of Seville provides an explicit definition : " Lunulae are female ornaments in the likeness of the moon, little hanging gold bullae ".
• From this it is thought that Lunulae were made by hammering a rod of gold flat so it became sheet-like and fitted the desired shape.
• The shape is sometimes found into the Iron Age, now also in silver, though the relation to the much earlier Bronze Age lunulae may be tenuous.
• It is a spiral band of crescentric growth lines or threads ( lunulae ) on the shell surface due to the semicircular end of a notch or slit on the outer lip.
• Finds of Classical lunulae are concentrated in the north of Ireland, probably near the sources of gold, with Unaccomplished find spots mostly forming a " peripheral border " around this area.
• Three Provincial lunulae were discovered in Kerivoa, Brittany ( Kerivoa-en-Bourbriac, C魌es-d'Armor ) in the remains of a box with some sheet gold and a rod of gold.
• The "'Gold lunula "'( plural : "'lunulae "') is a distinctive type of late Neolithic, Chalcolithic or ( most often ) early Bronze Age necklace or collar shaped like a crescent moon.
• Of the more than a hundred gold lunulae known from Western Europe, more than eighty are from Ireland; it is possible they were all the work of a handful of expert goldsmiths, though the three groups are presumed to have had different creators.
• In cultures including the European Bronze Age it was used to wrap objects such as bullae simply by folding it tightly over, and the Classical group of gold lunulae are so thin, especially in the centre, that they might be classed as gold leaf.
• The stylus used often leaves tell-tale impressions on the surface of the gold and it is thought that all the lunulae from Kerivoa, and another two from Saint-Potan, Brittany and Harlyn Bay, Cornwall were all made with the same tool.
• Lunulae were probably replaced as neck ornaments firstly by gold torcs, found from the Irish Middle Bronze Age, and then in the Late Bronze Age by the spectacular gorgets of thin ribbed gold, some with round discs at the side, of which 9 examples survive, 7 in the National Museum of Ireland.
• "' Blue nails "', or more formally "'azure lunula "', are characterized by a blue discoloration of the lunulae, seen in argyria and cases of hepatolenticular degeneration ( Wilson's disease ), also having been reported in hemoglobin M disease and hereditary acrolabial telangiectases.
• Due to its natural resources, Ireland had a " rich Early Bronze Age [ metal-working ] industry ", producing large quantities of metal axes, halberds and daggers, and as a part of this also had a " major gold industry ", seeing the production of lunulae and gold disks on a far larger scale than Britain.