phosphoglycolate造句

• Cyanobacteria have three possible pathways through which they can metabolise 2-phosphoglycolate.
• When molecular oxygen is the substrate, the products of the oxygenase reaction are phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate.
• Both phosphate and 2-phosphoglycolate are competitive inhibitors of mutase activity in respect to the substrates 2-phosphoglycerate and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate.
• Photorespiration turns RuBP into 3-PGA and 2-phosphoglycolate, a 2-carbon molecule that can be converted via glycolate and glyoxalate to glycine.
• Although photorespiration is greatly reduced in C 4 species, it is still an essential pathway-mutants without functioning 2-phosphoglycolate metabolism cannot grow in normal conditions.
• While it is common to refer to the entire process as photorespiration, technically the term refers only to the metabolic network which acts to rescue the products of the oxygenation reaction ( phosphoglycolate ).
• Phosphoglycolate is recycled through a sequence of reactions called photorespiration, which involves enzymes and cytochromes located in the mitochondria and peroxisomes ( this is a case of carbon fixation, crassulacean acid metabolism, and the use of pyrenoid.
• Inorganic pyrophosphate has 95 % the ability of phosphate in inhibiting MGS . 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate also have 50 % and 70 % inhibition, respectively . 2-phosphoglycolate also acts as a competitive inhibitor by mimicking the ene-diolate intermediate.
• The APE2 3' 5'exonuclease activity has the ability to hydrolyze blunt-ended duplex DNA, partial DNA duplexes with a recessed 3'- terminus or a single nucleotide gap containing heteroduplex DNA . The APE2 3'- phosphodiesterase activity can remove modified 3'- termini, such as 3'- phosphoglycolate as well as mismatched nucleotides from the 3'primer end of DNA.
• Anionic molecules such as vanadate, acetate, chloride ion, phosphate, 2-phosphoglycolate, and N-[ tris ( hydroxymethyl ) methyl-2-amino ] ethanesulfonate are known inhibitors of the mutase activity of dPGM . Studies have shown dPGM to be sensitive to changes in ionic concentration, where increasing concentrations of salts result in the activation of the enzyme s phosphatase activity while inhibiting its mutase activity.