The current situation of rural economy of our country indicates that the fund has already become “ bottleneck ” that restricts rural economy development of our country at present . rural finance , the most important allocation system of capital factor , plays a more and more remarkable role in rural economic development 我国农村经济现状表明,资金已经成为制约当前我国农村经济发展的“瓶颈” ,农村金融作为农村经济发展中最为重要的资本要素配置制度,在农村经济发展中的作用越来越显著。
The estimation of the model of effective labor input and the model of human capital externality has passed signficance test . human capital has a deep relationship to the economy and it has a significantly external effect on non - human capital factors . the rate that human capital contributes to the economic growth is 30 . 3 % , the direct and indirect rates are 26 . 4 % and 3 . 89 % respectively 结果表明:在改革开放以来的20多年中,我国gdp与投入要素之间具有科布-道格拉斯型生产函数关系,以它为基础建立的有效劳动模型和人力资本外部性模型的估计均通过显著性检验,人力资本与经济总量的增长有密切的关系,并且,对其他非人力资本要素具有显著的外部性作用;人力资本对经济增长的贡献率达到了30 . 3 ,仅次于物质资本成为促进我国经济增长的重要因素,其中,直接贡献率为26 . 4 ,间接贡献率为3 . 89 。
Under different combinations of production factors , the optimum technological investment is studied . cases in which technological factors take the place of labor and capital factors are analyzed . the attribute of the production function with three factors is analyzed and the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under continuous change is set up 研究了生产要素不同组合条件下,技术适度投入问题;研究了劳动、资本和技术三要素生产函数中,技术增长对劳动和资本的要素替代关系;分析了三要素生产函数的性质;构建了技术连续增长条件下的技术增长率优化理论模型。
On the basis of the above summary the creativities of the sharing systems of the shanxi merchants are discussed : ( 1 ) concentrating capital was the result of the average division in the form of organizing capital not the foremost motivation , witch was in fact in order to ensure the rights and benefits of shareholders ; ( 2 ) introducing labor - sharing system was the measure which the shanxi merchants adopt to the rise of the price of labor factor relative to that of capital factor in qing dynasty ; the labor - sharing system promoted the increase of profits of the shanxi merchants " enterprises greatly . however , that effectiveness came into existence only in normal condition . if enterprises were into the red or drawing near bankruptcy the labor - sharing system would otherwise steep up the decline of the enterprises 在此基础上,对晋商股份制的上述创新进行了讨论:集中资本是资本股份化的结果,而不是最初动因,内在动因是维护股东权益;在收益股份化的基础上,引入顶身股制是清代晋商企业应对劳动要素价值相对提高的举措;顶身股制极大地促进了晋商企业利润的增加,但这仅限于企业处于正常经营状态时,当企业面临亏损或濒临倒闭,顶身股制反而会加速企业的衰亡;晋商产权制度创新(包括产权结构、组织结构的创新)迫于清代晋商企业的内外部条件变化,具体形式的产权制度是创新主体面对环境变化从成本收益角度出发仔细斟酌、权衡的结果。
Due to the complex of the top management ' s work and thus the complex of their compensation decision , we need systematic theories in designing the compensation mechanism : according to the theories of human resources , in modern productive forces system , talents , which feature intellectual labor , are not only the production factor in a general labor sense , but also the capital factor that has the androgenic function of appreciation ; the property rights of advanced human capital are complete property rights , which determines that the top management has the right to decide " what to do " and " how much to do " 由于高管人员工作的复杂性,致使其薪酬也具有复杂性特点,为了更好地设计薪酬,需有系统的理论做指导:人力资本理论指出作为智力劳动者的人才,不仅仅是一种劳动力意义上的生产要素,而且是一种具有内在增值功能的资本要素;高管人员人力资本的产权是权能完整的产权,由此决定高管人员有权决定自己“做什么”及“做多少” 。