Transportations give convenience and make huge value to people , at the same time they take transportation accident and environment pollution which has been in the catastrophical level . transportation catastrophe brings the losing life , property and the broken environment which are taken by transportation accidents and negative effects of the transportation activity . the essential character of the transportation catastrophe is sociality . the existing researches divide the transportation accident and transportation pollution into two different fields and seldom study the formation mechanism of the transportation catastrophe and forewarning countermeasure on the viewpoint of catastrophe and social management . based on the viewpoint of catastrophe , macromanagement and integrated the road and water transportation catastrophe which its frequency are higher among the transportation , this paper sets up the forewarning management system of carrier in the transportation catastrophe to find a principle and method of the effec tive defending transportation catastrophe and reducing catastrophe losing by using the methods of association theory with demonstration investigation , the theory of system , forewarning management and countermeasure theory . this paper try to offer a new theory and application approach 现有研究把交通事故与交通污染割裂开来研究,鲜有从灾害的角度和社会层面来系统研究交通灾害的致灾机理与防范对策。本论文从灾害和宏观管理的研究层面,针对交通运输中发生事故与环境污染频率较高的公路、水运交通运输活动,综合灾害学、系统理论、预警管理理论以及对策学理论,采用理论与实证相结合的方法,研究交通灾害中载运工具的致灾机理及其预警管理系统的构建,寻求有效预防交通灾害和降低灾害损失的原理与方法,试图在交通灾害治理方面提供新的理论和实践方法。本论文以发生交通灾害的致灾要素? ?载运工具为研究对象,通过公路、水运交通中车辆、船舶造成交通灾害的成因、表现特征和扩展规律的研究,构建了交通灾害中载运工具的致灾机理模型。
Next , the article has inspected the planning process for inland water transportation from the planning subject and its characteristics , from the planning phases and its space in narrow sense , from the planning of timing and its objects etc . and has put forward a concept of multi - dimensional space for this planning ( the planning space in broad sense ) for inland water transportation . the inland water transportation planning is categorized in accordance with different features of the variation of all these key multi - dimensional planning elements and development strategy , layout plans , master plans , the five - year plans and annual plans are now in place following the mainline of phased planning features by the order from abstract ( orientation ) to concrete ( maneuverability ) , from macro to micro , and from long - term to short - term . the structure of planning is studied according to the different planning features to form a new planning system for inland water transportation and logical relationships among all branches of planning are explored 论文从规划主体、规划性质、规划层次、规划空间(狭义空间) 、规划时间、规划对象等要素考察内河航运规划,提出了内河航运规划多维空间(广义空间)的概念;按照规划多维空间变化要素的不同特征对内河航运规划进行分类;按照规划层次特征和规划由抽象(方向性)到具体(操作性) 、由宏观到微观、由远到近的发展顺序,论证了发展战略、布局规划、总体规划、五年计划和年度计划的逻辑主线;按不同特征研究了各类内河航运规划的结构方式,构建了一个新的内河航运规划体系;探讨了各类规划相互之间的逻辑关系。