" i agree that the evidence still largely supports an influx of modern humans into europe , followed by the replacement of the neanderthals with , at most , a trivial amount of gene flow [ interbreeding ] between the populations , " he said 他说： “我同意证据仍然主要支持现代人进入了欧洲，最多（的可能）是尼安得达人被随之而来的人种间通婚的微量基因流替换了。 ”
The iberian peninsula ? now home to spain , portugal , and gibraltar ? was a final holdout for neandertals ( often spelled " neanderthals " ) as modern humans spread across the rest of europe and an ice age descended , a new study says 一份新的研究表明,伊比利亚半岛-现属西班牙和葡萄牙及直布罗陀-可能是尼安德安人最后活动的地区.那时冰河期结束,现代人种开始广泛分布于欧洲的其它地区
The extinction of neanderthal man has been attributed variously to his having lower intelligence than modern humans , to worse language skills , to cruder tools , or even to the lack of a propensity for long - distance trade 结果众说纷纭：有人认为他们不如现代人聪明，也有人认为他们的语言技能不如现代人完善[译注1 ]或是工具不如现代人先进，甚至有人认为是因为他们不会跨地区贸易[译注2 ] 。
Rather than taking some 7 , 000 years to colonize europe from africa , the reinterpreted data shows the process may only have taken 5 , 000 years , scientist paul mellars from cambridge university said in the science journal nature on wednesday . " the same chronological pattern points to a substantially shorter period of chronological and demographic overlap between the earliest . modern humans and the last survivors of the preceding neanderthal populations , " he wrote 据路透社2月23日报道，来自剑桥大学的科学家保罗米拉斯在最新一期的英国自然杂志上指出，用放射性碳测定年代的一项最新数据表明，人类祖先从非洲进入欧洲后，仅花费了5000年的时间就取代了欧洲早期居民尼安德特人，而不是传统的理论所认为7000年。
In his new book " the singing neanderthals : the origins of music , language , mind , and body " harvard university press , 2006 , mithen contends that because of their communication powers , dance and music likely became an important tool of social interaction as soon as humans could walk and talk 在他的新书唱歌的穴居人：音乐语言思想及身体的起源中，米森还提出，由于舞蹈和音乐所具有的交流的力量，在早期人类刚会行走和说话的时候，它们很可能就成为了一种社会交互作用的重要工具。
And in a paper just published in current anthropology , steven kuhn and mary stiner of the university of arizona propose that this division of labour happened early in the species ' history , and that it is what enabled modern humans to expand their population at the expense of neanderthals 亚利桑那大学的斯蒂芬?库恩和玛丽?斯蒂娜最近在《当代人类学》上发表论文指出：发生在现代人类史早期的这次分工使他们能够繁衍更多的后代，而这是以侵占尼人的生存空间为代价的。
